These tubes may differ both in the choice of the electron optical system and in the design of the coupling members.

These are graphs of ψ ( x, y, z ) functions which depend on the coordinates of one electron.

These names indicate the orbital shape and are used to describe the electron configurations.

These states are labeled by a set of quantum numbers summarized in the term symbol and usually associated with particular electron configurations, i. e., by occupation schemes of atomic orbitals ( e. g., 1s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2s < sup > 2 </ sup > 2p < sup > 6 </ sup > for the ground state of neon -- term symbol: < sup > 1 </ sup > S < sub > 0 </ sub >).

These orbits were stabilized in the model by the fact that when an electron moved farther from the center of the positive cloud, it felt a larger net positive inward force, because there was more material of opposite charge, inside its orbit ( see Gauss's law ).

These regions may be initiated by field electron emission, but are then sustained by localized thermionic emission once a vacuum arc forms.

These capacitors are biased above the threshold for inversion when image acquisition begins, allowing the conversion of incoming photons into electron charges at the semiconductor-oxide interface ; the CCD is then used to read out these charges.

These are used in cathode ray tubes, found in televisions and computer monitors, and in electron microscopes.

These large-scale technological program demonstrations were joined by integrated circuit research, which resulted in submicrometre electronic technology and electron devices that evolved into the Very Large Scale Integration ( VLSI ) Program and the Congressionally mandated charged particle beam program.

These electron pulses were counted, and these count numbers constituted the data that were sent to Earth.

These disturbances are called " lightning-induced electron precipitation " ( LEP ) events.

These microscopes have the same resolution limit as wide field optical and electron microscopes.

These numerical co-incidences refer to such quantities as the ratio of the age of the universe to the atomic unit of time, the number of electrons in the universe, and the difference in strengths between gravity and the electric force for the electron and proton.

These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains.

These materials are known as negative electron affinity materials.

These contain strontium-82, which decays by electron capture to positron-emitting rubidium-82.

These electrons are shuttled through an electron transport chain, the so-called Z-scheme shown in the diagram, that initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential across the membrane.

These absorptions and emissions, often referred to as atomic spectral lines, are due to electronic transitions of an outer shell electron to an excited state.

These, and the HEMTs ( high electron mobility transistors, or HFETs ), in which a two-dimensional electron gas with very high carrier mobility is used for charge transport, are especially suitable for use at very high frequencies ( microwave frequencies ; several GHz ).

These angled plates ( not to be confused with the anode ) focus the electron stream onto certain spots on the anode which can withstand the heat generated by the impact of massive numbers of electrons, while also providing pentode behavior.

These types may still be referred to as " electron tubes " as they do perform electronic functions.

These results were not confirmed until 1915, when Robert Andrews Millikan, who had previously determined the charge of the electron, produced experimental results in perfect accord with Einstein's predictions.

These electrons are then directed into an electron multiplier for analysis.

These instruments are designed as if to be specifically used in combined scanning electron microscopes ( SEMs ).

These waves have shown that 1,800 miles below the surface a liquid core begins, and that it, in turn, has a solid inner core.

These return waves create the dicrotic notch displayed in the aortic pressure curve during the cardiac cycle as these reflected waves push on the aortic semilunar valve.

These waves, until 1995, were considered to be a mystery and / or a myth.

These landforms protect numerous bays and inlets providing as a barrier to oncoming waves.

These so-called " whistler " mode waves can interact with radiation belt particles and cause them to precipitate onto the ionosphere, adding ionization to the D-region.

These models had to agree with the fact that the electromagnetic waves are transverse but never longitudinal.

These cards used FM synthesis, which generates sound through modulation of sine waves.

These were developed and built upon as new waves of immigration, and migration across the North American continent, brought new accents and dialects to new areas, and as these ways of speaking merged and assimilated with the population.

These waves propagate at the speed of light and have varying electric and magnetic fields which are orthogonal to one another, and also to the direction of propagation of the waves.

These include shock waves from a nearby supernova, collisions with other clouds, or gravitational interactions.

These include radio waves, microwaves, infrared, and ( sometimes ) visible light.

These internal waves continue to flow eastward and to refract around coastal features.

These changes in pressure form the waves called ( voiced ) speech.

These types of waves vary in wavelength, and include radio waves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays.

These reflect radio waves coming from in front of them back parallel to the incoming beam.

These vibrations have natural ( ocean waves, wind ...) and anthropogenic ( traffic, machines ...) origins depending on the considered frequency range.

These waves are solutions for a scalar wave equation in a homogeneous medium.

These surface waves are also known loosely as Norton surface waves, Zenneck waves, Sommerfeld waves, or gliding waves.