These measured positions are then compared with those calculated by the laws of celestial mechanics: an assembly of calculated positions is often referred to as an ephemeris, in which distances are commonly calculated in astronomical units.

These authors proved, however, that no optical system can justify these suppositions, since they are contradictory to the fundamental laws of reflexion and refraction.

These teachings discuss the ministry and atonement of Jesus, the laws of justice and mercy, the need for repentance, and the resurrection and judgment of all people.

These Sunday laws enacted at the state and local levels would sometimes carry penalties for doing non-religious activities on Sunday as part of an effort to enforce religious observance and church attendance.

These studies have been challenged by several Brazilian ministries, which assert that recent improvements in environmental laws, enforcement and public attitudes have fundamentally reduced the threat posed to forests by such projects.

These include various predictions of the downfall of the northern kingdom, the equivalent prediction of the downfall of Judah following the reign of Manasseh, the extension of Josiah's reforms in accordance with the laws of Deuteronomy, and the revision of the narrative from Jeremiah concerning Judah's last days.

These laws describe the behaviour of a black hole in close analogy to the laws of thermodynamics by relating mass to energy, area to entropy, and surface gravity to temperature.

These laws might have paved the way to removing the worst of the poverty during the previous regimes.

These laws vary from time to time and from place to place: note variations in gambling laws, for example, and the prohibition or encouragement of duelling in history.

Because his vision of personal and social perfections was framed as a revival of the ordered society of earlier times, Confucius is often considered a great proponent of conservatism, but a closer look at what he proposes often shows that he used ( and perhaps twisted ) past institutions and rites to push a new political agenda of his own: a revival of a unified royal state, whose rulers would succeed to power on the basis of their moral merits instead of lineage. These would be rulers devoted to their people, striving for personal and social perfection, and such a ruler would spread his own virtues to the people instead of imposing proper behavior with laws and rules.

These laws in ancient India discriminated between castes.

These experiments are used to prove, verify, and reinforce laws and theorems such as Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's laws, etc.

These areas are not mutually exclusive — for example, laws governing water pollution in lakes and rivers may also conserve the recreational value of such water bodies.

These laws regulated public drinking water systems, toxic substances, pesticides, and ocean dumping ; and protected wildlife, wilderness, and wild and scenic rivers.

These successes were followed by the enactment of a whole series of laws regulating waste ( Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ), toxic substances ( Toxic Substances Control Act ), pesticides ( FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act ), clean-up of polluted sites ( Superfund ), protection of endangered species ( Endangered Species Act ), and more.

These laws were intended to promote the production of media arts, including film scenery, and stipulate that the government – on both the national and local levels – must lend aid in order to preserve film media.

These laws were among the first race-based measures instituted by the Third Reich.

These laws did not extend to the regions affected by the Protestant Reformation.

These laws must be wisely and lovingly observed.

These laws and customs vary from country to country, and have varied over time.

These laws vary to some extent, such acts are called incestuous.

These imports declined sharply to an average of only US $ 50 million annually between 1985 and 1987, presumably as a result of a dramatic reduction in oil revenues and the precipitous drop in the value of the sucre, which made imported arms extremely expensive.

These notions sharply contrasted with the previously held Platonic notions of the human mind as an entity that preexisted somewhere in the heavens, before being sent down to join a body here on Earth ( see Plato's Phaedo and Apology, as well as others ).

These suspicions of illegitimacy, along with the continued publication of the libelles, a never-ending cavalcade of court intrigues, the actions of Joseph II in the Kettle War, and her purchase of Saint-Cloud combined to turn popular opinion sharply against the queen, and the image of a licentious, spendthrift, empty-headed foreign queen was quickly taking root in the French psyche.

These elements contrasted sharply with the funk and disco influenced outfits, novelty hits, live bands, synthesizers and party rhymes of artists prevalent in 1984, and rendered them old school.

These categories, which attempt to bridge the gap between ontological and sociological structures, are sharply delineated.

These events sharply contrast with the rigid power structures of the 18th century.

These events sharply contrast with the rigid power structures of the 18th century, when no major European capital was ever held by an enemy army.

These elements contrasted sharply with the 1970s P-Funk and disco-influenced outfits, live bands, synthesizers and party rhymes of acts prevalent in 1984, rendering them old school.

These doors were not finished until 1469 ; their reliance on a few figures placed in simple, orderly compositions against a flat ground, contrasts sharply with the elaborate pictorial effects of Lorenzo Ghiberti's more famous Baptistery doors.

These studies have shown that in their natural environments, the nonhuman hominoids show sharply varying social structure: gibbons are monogamous, territorial pair-bonders, orangutans are solitary, gorillas live in small troops with a single adult male leader, while chimpanzees live in larger troops with bonobos exhibiting promiscuous sexual behaviour.

These dampened out the unfavorable acoustics, but required massive use of electronic amplification to reach the full audience, particularly since the background noise level had risen sharply since the 1920s.

John Muir said of them, " These workhorses featured a mast that angled, or raked, forward sharply, and a large triangular sail hanging down from a long, two-piece yard ".

These could differ sharply from place to place.

These improvements to the airport sharply increased passenger volumes.

These houses sharply contrast with the relatively undeveloped roads ( some unsealed ) and infrastructure of the area.

These wet-weather conditions contrasted sharply with the droughts and heat waves experienced in the southeastern United States.

These in turn seem to contrast quite sharply with the very dark maria, which were once believed to be seas of liquid hydrocarbons, but are now thought to be plains.

These James Bay geese should be sharply distinguished from the stay-at-home geese that have learned how not to migrate.

These were after-market car headlamps mounted in the plated-over nose doors, to provide extra visibility to users of level crossings on sharply curved branch lines.

These measures contrasted sharply with the pardon that Martín de Álzaga and others had received after a short time in prison, and the resentment of criollos against the peninsulars deepened.

These numerous peasants were required to pay even further taxes for disrupting the system, but still, the population increased in large cities and unemployment rate increased sharply.

These views were sharply criticized by Joseph Stalin as " defence of the kulaks ".

These painstakingly realistic works paint an overwhelmingly positive picture of Soviet society, which must have contrasted sharply with the everyday realities of life for many people.

These ( Figure 4B ) are opposite in arrangement ( i. e., produced in pairs along the stems ), generally 5 – 15 x 2 – 6 cm, in outline generally elliptic or often widest above the middle, usually sharply angled at base and apex, papery in texture, overall smooth or infrequently with microscopic plant hairs on the lower surface, have 5 – 10 pairs of secondary veins, and on the lower surface usually have foveolae ( see next item ).