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These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their cell surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the sub-species level.
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These and microorganisms
These microorganisms actually gain energy by breaking down minerals into their constituent elements.
These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion from water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, atmospheric influences, and even digging.
These microorganisms including bacteria and the broad range of organisms that form the marine microbial loop, responsible for regulating much of the oceans ' biogeochemistry.
These constructed artificial wetland systems are highly controlled environments that intend to mimic the occurrences of soil, flora, and microorganisms in natural wetlands to aid in treating wastewater effluent.
These chemicals may operate in nature to disable plant defense mechanisms or to defend the fungus against other microorganisms.
These researches had an important bearing on some of the infusorial earths used for polishing and other economic purposes ; they added, moreover, largely to our knowledge of the microorganisms of certain geological formations, especially of the chalk, and of the marine and freshwater accumulations.
These microorganisms have been studied for their DNA, diversity and the environments they live in.
These results confirm a differential behavior of microorganisms between the laboratory and the natural environments and could explain previous invasion of fungi reported for some caves with prehistoric paintings.
These microorganisms, associated with the lichen community or independently inhabiting rocks, include a number of blue-green algae, green algae, various fungi, and numerous bacteria.
These microorganisms produce a large variety of antimicrobial agents which have evolved to give their hosts an advantage over their competitors in the microbiological world.
These coatings create a smooth surface which can prevent attachment of larger microorganisms.
These microorganisms employ several mechanisms in attaining multidrug resistance:
These microorganisms develop a thin crust of salt that can moderate some of the ultraviolet light.
These microorganisms are opportunistic and, in general, enter the body via significant skin breakage.
These and viruses
These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form.
These are the only known dsDNA viruses that infect plants.
These are the only known viruses that infect dinoflagellates.
These are the only known dsDNA viruses that infect stramenopiles.
These viruses appear to be related to the Parvoviruses.
These two groups of viruses share a distinctive 12-fold arrangement of subunits in the portal complex.
These are not currently classified as RNA viruses and are described on their own pages.
These fourteen orders contain 31 virus families ( including 17 families of plant viruses ) and 48 genera ( including 30 genera of plant viruses ).
These mutants were first isolated within bacteriophages ( T4 and lambda ), viruses that infect the bacteria Escherichia coli.
These bacteria carry their own mutation that allow a recovery of function in the mutant viruses.
These four viruses are: Bundibugyo virus ( BDBV ), Ebola virus ( EBOV ), Sudan virus ( SUDV ), and Taï Forest virus ( TAFV, formerly and more commonly Côte d ' Ivoire Ebola virus ( Ivory Coast Ebolavirus, CIEBOV )).
These viruses and trojans are sometimes developed by government agencies, such as CIPAV and Magic Lantern.
These orders span viruses with varying host ranges.
These motifs are common in DNA viruses.
These viruses have large pleomorphic spherical particles with bulbous surface projections that form a corona around particles.
These mechanisms are intended to prevent only accidental data loss or attacks by computer viruses.
These errors also may cause a nontoxic material to become toxic when replicated, or create strains of deadly viruses and bacteria from previously harmless ones.
These cells have also been used to study viruses such as the Oropouche virus ( OROV ).
These chemicals kill bacteria and microbes, but are no more effective at deactivating viruses than any other kind of soap or detergent, and they also kill nonpathogenic bacteria.
These filters are porous and allow water, monovalent species ( Na +, Cl -), dissolved organic matter, small colloids and viruses through but do not allow particles, sediment, algae or large bacteria through.
These enveloped viruses are considered among some of the most damaging of emerging plant pathogens around the world.
These viruses were discovered originally in rats during the 1960s by Jennifer Harvey and Werner Kirsten, respectively, hence the name Rat sarcoma.
These atypical organisms include special bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
These factors allow a much easier growth under laboratory conditions than anaerobic organisms and have led to Sulfolobus becoming a model organism for the study of hyperthermophiles and a large group of diverse viruses that replicate within them.
These and cells
These cells were used rather than square Pyrex tubing because of the tendency of the latter to shatter when thawing frozen carbon tetrachloride.
These antibody titers were determined by reaction with homozygous Af red cells.
These cells were thawed at 37-degrees-C for 30 min and were deglycerolized by alternately centrifuging and mixing with descending concentrations of glycerol solutions ( 20, 18, 10, 8, 4 and 2% ).
These protists live as individual amoebae until starved, at which point they aggregate and form a multicellular fruiting body in which some cells sacrifice themselves to promote the survival of other cells in the fruiting body.
These particles continue to decay, emitting alpha particles which can damage cells in the lung tissue.
These antigens can sometimes be presented by tumor cells and never by the normal ones.
These are released by lysis of the host cells and group together by syzygy.
These secrete enzymes that allow the parasite to enter other cells.
These molecules mark the cell for phagocytosis by cells possessing the appropriate receptors, such as macrophages.
These two inhibitory proteins are partially responsible for HeLa cells immortality by inhibiting apoptosis to occur.
These bacteria also secrete proteins that enable the AC-II to enter host cells, where the exogenous AC activity undermines normal cellular processes.
These oxidants can damage cells by starting chemical chain reactions such as lipid peroxidation, or by oxidizing DNA or proteins.
These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.
These same compounds also increase secretion of macrophage colony-stimulating factor by osteoblasts, which promotes the differentiation of progenitor cells into osteoclasts, and decrease secretion of osteoprotegerin.
These domains reflect whether the cells have nuclei or not, as well as differences in the chemical composition of the cell exteriors and ribosomes.
These tailor-made drugs promise not only to maximize therapeutic effects but also to decrease damage to nearby healthy cells.
These include the use of genetic information in reproductive decision-making and the possibility of genetically altering reproductive cells that may be passed on to future generations.
These are epithelial cells that are coated with bacteria.
These proteins are often concentrated in specialized cells and in cell corners.
These ideas include the proposal that cells contain zones of low and high-density water, which could have widespread effects on the structures and functions of the other parts of the cell.
These can take part in self-perpetuating circuits in the gene regulatory network, circuits that can involve several cells that communicate with each other.
These cells and the bacteria trapped inside them entered a symbiotic relationship, a close association between different types of organisms over an extended time.
These principles are motivated by neuroscience insights about learning at the level of nerve cells ( synaptic plasticity ) and the coupling between cortical systems for language and action in the human brain.
These effects are likely mediated in the inferior olive, specifically at low-threshold calcium channels ( LTCC ) which have been shown to modulate the rhythmic firing of cells in this area.
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