These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.

These channels regulate membrane excitability, and halothane has been found to reduce neuronal firing by hyperpolarizing neurons by a current similar to TASK.

These questions include how signals are processed by neurites – thin extensions from a neuronal cell body, consisting of dendrites ( specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons ) and axons ( specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials ) – and somas ( the cell bodies of the neurons containing the nucleus ), and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process information in a neuron.

These questions include the patterning and regionalization of the nervous system, neural stem cells, differentiation of neurons and glia, neuronal migration, axonal and dendritic development, trophic interactions, and synapse formation.

These impulses are extremely fast, with some myelinated neurons conducting at speeds up to 120 m / s.

These neurons terminate throughout the brain stem, with one tenth of fibres stopping in the thalamus and the rest stopping in the medulla, pons and periaqueductal grey of the midbrain tectum.

These receptors, which exist in a variety of areas in the body, inhibit firing of neurons that would otherwise be stimulated to do so by nociceptors.

These include sensory neurons that transmute physical stimuli such as light and sound into neural signals, and motor neurons that transmute neural signals into activation of muscles or glands ; however in many species the great majority of neurons receive all of their input from other neurons and send their output to other neurons.

These first order neurons enter the spinal cord via Lissauer's tract.

These second order neurons ( spinothalamic tract ) then decussate, crossing via the anterior white commissure before ascending contralaterally.

The first studies of the electrophysiological properties of neurons in MT showed that a large portion of the cells were tuned to the speed and direction of moving visual stimuli These results suggested that MT played a significant role in the processing of visual motion.

These findings have also been confirmed by stereotactic microelectrode analysis of single cortical neurons in a study, which involved nine patients undergoing bilateral cingulotomy.

These results combined with electrophysiological investigation of the function of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex have provided insights that can be used in the improvement of cingulotomy performed on patients treated for OCD.

These neurons use GABA as their neurotransmitter.

These constitute the great majority of neurons in the densely packed hippocampal layers.

These reflect subthreshold membrane potentials and strongly modulate the spiking of hippocampal neurons and synchronise across the hippocampus in a travelling wave pattern.

These proteins would then intervene the rapid upstroke of an action potential, thus allowing a flow of sodium ions into neurons.

These studies are quite exciting because they show that neurons that have suffered the consequences of loss of MECP2 function are poised to regain functionality once MECP2 is provided gradually and in the correct spatial distribution.

These findings have led to the hypotheses that ( 1 ) breakdown of the blood – brain barrier allows access of neuron-binding autoantibodies and soluble exogenous Aβ42 to brain neurons and ( 2 ) binding of these auto-antibodies to neurons triggers and / or facilitates the internalization and accumulation of cell surface-bound Aβ42 in vulnerable neurons through their natural tendency to clear surface-bound autoantibodies via endocytosis.

These trees differ from the birches ( Betula, the other genus in the family ) in that the female catkins are woody and do not disintegrate at maturity, opening to release the seeds in a similar manner to many conifer cones.

These releases were kept secret by the federal government until the release of declassified documents in the late 1980s.

These seventeen have become known as the Grenada 17, and are the subject of an ongoing international campaign for their release.

These bacteria were lysed to release phage progeny.

These channels play an important role in both linking muscle excitation with contraction as well as neuronal excitation with transmitter release.

These tracks feature the 2001 release bonus songs and previously unissued recordings, including alternate electric backing versions of three songs.

These gain media could release stimulated emissions between an excited state and a lower excited state, not the ground state, facilitating the maintenance of a population inversion.

These can activate a series of second messenger system proteins that can coordinate processes such as neurotransmitter release in nerve cells and release of hormones in endocrine cells.

These are also available only with re-done Japanese audio with English subtitles, the DVDs identical to the 20th anniversary release of the movie compilation in Japan.

These problems were fixed in the next major revision of the 68K architecture, with the release of the MC68010.

These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP.

These proteins must have a high binding affinity when their ligand is present in high concentrations, but must also release the ligand when it is present at low concentrations in the target tissues.

These maps are still being made today, over fifteen years since the game's release.

These three efforts were among five original songs by Simon included on their first album for Columbia Records, Wednesday Morning, 3 A. M., which initially flopped upon its release on October 19, 1964.

These editions differed from the Region 1 release in their special features, including one release that included a recently-discovered alternative version of " Arrival ".

These talks led to the unbanning of the ANC and the release of political prisoners.

These scenes are available on the DVD release.

These lyrics were rediscovered by Nora Guthrie and were set to music by the Jewish Klezmer group The Klezmatics with the release of Happy Joyous Hanukkah on JMG Records in 2007.

These release include the Walkman Core ( NW-E50X and NW-E60X series ), the Walkman Circ ( NW-E10X series ), and the Walkman Bean ( NW-E20X and NW-E30X series ).

These hydrogels have the ability to sense changes of pH, temperature, or the concentration of metabolite and release their load as result of such a change.

These enzymes ultimately mediate the synthesis and release of PGE2.

These royalties, also called secondary payments, are generated not from the film's theatrical release, but from secondary markets ( e. g. cable television and DVD sales and rental ).