These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells.

These channels regulate membrane excitability, and halothane has been found to reduce neuronal firing by hyperpolarizing neurons by a current similar to TASK.

These questions include how signals are processed by neurites – thin extensions from a neuronal cell body, consisting of dendrites ( specialized to receive synaptic inputs from other neurons ) and axons ( specialized to conduct nerve impulses called action potentials ) – and somas ( the cell bodies of the neurons containing the nucleus ), and how neurotransmitters and electrical signals are used to process information in a neuron.

These questions include the patterning and regionalization of the nervous system, neural stem cells, differentiation of neurons and glia, neuronal migration, axonal and dendritic development, trophic interactions, and synapse formation.

These impulses are extremely fast, with some myelinated neurons conducting at speeds up to 120 m / s.

These neurons terminate throughout the brain stem, with one tenth of fibres stopping in the thalamus and the rest stopping in the medulla, pons and periaqueductal grey of the midbrain tectum.

These receptors, which exist in a variety of areas in the body, inhibit firing of neurons that would otherwise be stimulated to do so by nociceptors.

These neurons release the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate at their synapses.

These include sensory neurons that transmute physical stimuli such as light and sound into neural signals, and motor neurons that transmute neural signals into activation of muscles or glands ; however in many species the great majority of neurons receive all of their input from other neurons and send their output to other neurons.

These first order neurons enter the spinal cord via Lissauer's tract.

These second order neurons ( spinothalamic tract ) then decussate, crossing via the anterior white commissure before ascending contralaterally.

The first studies of the electrophysiological properties of neurons in MT showed that a large portion of the cells were tuned to the speed and direction of moving visual stimuli These results suggested that MT played a significant role in the processing of visual motion.

These findings have also been confirmed by stereotactic microelectrode analysis of single cortical neurons in a study, which involved nine patients undergoing bilateral cingulotomy.

These results combined with electrophysiological investigation of the function of neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex have provided insights that can be used in the improvement of cingulotomy performed on patients treated for OCD.

These constitute the great majority of neurons in the densely packed hippocampal layers.

These reflect subthreshold membrane potentials and strongly modulate the spiking of hippocampal neurons and synchronise across the hippocampus in a travelling wave pattern.

These proteins would then intervene the rapid upstroke of an action potential, thus allowing a flow of sodium ions into neurons.

These studies are quite exciting because they show that neurons that have suffered the consequences of loss of MECP2 function are poised to regain functionality once MECP2 is provided gradually and in the correct spatial distribution.

These findings have led to the hypotheses that ( 1 ) breakdown of the blood – brain barrier allows access of neuron-binding autoantibodies and soluble exogenous Aβ42 to brain neurons and ( 2 ) binding of these auto-antibodies to neurons triggers and / or facilitates the internalization and accumulation of cell surface-bound Aβ42 in vulnerable neurons through their natural tendency to clear surface-bound autoantibodies via endocytosis.

These roads are largely of less than highway standards, and usually carry traffic which is related to use of the National Forests.

These deductions may not be claimed if you elect to use the Standard Deduction or Tax Table.

These are a great aid for planning use back at the office.

These examples are illustrative of the use of the words `` trial '' and `` experiment '' as they are used in this chapter, but they are quite flexible words and it is well not to restrict them too narrowly.

These records, when systematically maintained, provide much information about the children, which the teacher can use in guidance, instruction, grouping, and reporting to parents.

These are still in wide use today, particularly in semi-rigid formulations, for such applications as cores for sandwich-type structural panels, foamed-in-place insulation, automotive safety padding, arm rests, etc..

These are the wines the French themselves use for everyday drinking, for even in France virtually no one drinks the Grands Crus on a meal-to-meal basis.

These courses develop skills other than those we think of when we use the adjective `` academic ''.

These fields frequently overlap, but tend to use different methodologies and techniques.

These two phyla use amoeboid movement in their feeding stage.

These alphabets have since been replaced with the Latin alphabet, except for decorative usage for which the runes remained in use until the 20th century.

These metals found little practical use until the introduction of crucible steel around 300 BC.

These anchors must be screwed into the seabed with the use of a tool, so require access to the bottom, either at low tide or by use of a diver.

These officials urged the President to use his leverage to insist on conditions assuring the rights of freedmen.

These included updates to EtherTalk and TokenTalk, AppleTalk software and LocalTalk hardware for the IBM PC, EtherTalk for Apple's A / UX operating system allowing it to use LaserPrinters and other network resources, and the Mac X. 25 and MacX products.

These communities use extemporaneous forms of administration at the discretion of the minister, who need not be a pastor.

These types of display screens use lower voltages than older CRT displays.

These titrations may use different types of indicators to reach some equivalence point.

These activists also point out that heavy subsidization of developed nations ' agriculture and the aggressive use of export subsidies by some developed nations to make their agricultural products more attractive on the international market are major causes of declines in the agricultural sectors of many developing nations.

These engines comprise specialised devices which use some form of stored energy to operate, whether mechanical, chemical, or electromagnetic.

These projectiles use fins in the airflow at their rear to maintain correct orientation.

These spectrometers use a compact double monochromator with a prism pre-monochromator and an echelle grating monochromator for high resolution.

These use the same principles as a gas refrigerator.

These sets were expanded in 1963 to 7 bits of coding, called the American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII ) as the Federal Information Processing Standard which replaced the incompatible teleprinter codes in use by different branches of the U. S. government.