These he interpreted as " negative-energy electrons " and attempted to identify them with protons in his 1930 paper A Theory of Electrons and Protons However, these " negative-energy electrons " turned out to be positrons, and not protons.

These equations explain quantitatively how quarks can bind together into protons and neutrons ( and all the other hadrons ).

These ATP yields are theoretical maximum values ; in practice, some protons leak across the membrane, lowering the yield of ATP.

These quantum shells correspond to a set of energy levels within the shell model of the nucleus ; filled shells, such as the filled shell of 50 protons for tin, confers unusual stability on the nuclide.

These impacts fragment carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei present in the cosmic rays, and also these elements being struck by protons in cosmic rays.

These atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles, i. e., protons and electrons and kinetic interactions among matter particles result in charge-acceleration and dipole-oscillation.

These include light-driven water oxidation and oxygen evolution, the pumping of protons across the thylakoid membranes coupled with the electron transport chain of the photosystems and cytochrome b6f complex, and ATP synthesis by the ATP synthase utilizing the generated proton gradient.

These changes are proportional to the velocity of the movement of those protons through a magnetic field with a known gradient.

These high energy protons cause several effects.

These events commence and last as long as the energy of incoming protons at approximately greater than 10 MeV ( million electron volts ) exceeds roughly 10 pfu ( pfu

These organisms create hydrogen with the help of hydrogenase enzymes which convert protons derived from the water splitting reaction into hydrogen gas which can then be collected and used as a biofuel.

These TRIUMF facilities, PIF & NIF, have since become recognized as premier test sites for space-radiation effects using protons and, with the capability of using these protons to produce a neutron-energy spectrum similar to that found at aircraft altitudes and at ground level, testing with neutrons is also possible.

These correspond to the cohesive binding of all the nucleons by the strong nuclear force, the electrostatic mutual repulsion of the protons, a surface energy term, an asymmetry term ( derivable from the protons and neutrons occupying independent quantum momentum states ) and a pairing term ( partly derivable from the protons and neutrons occupying independent quantum spin states ).

These are enzymes that can either reduce protons to molecular hydrogen or oxidize hydrogen to protons and electrons.

These negatively charged anions react with the positively charged hydrogen ions ( protons ) which are being produced at the anode by the electrolysis of water to reform the original acid.

These particles are mainly protons and heavier ions that can cause radiation damage, disruption to logic circuits and even hazards to astronauts.

These are nuclei with an excess or deficit of neutrons or protons with respect to the normal isotopes observed in nature.

These experiments involved scattering high-energy beams of electrons from protons and deuterons and heavier nucleii.

These deep inelastic scattering results provided the first experimental evidence that the protons and neutrons were made up of point-like particles, later identified to be the up and down quarks that had previously been proposed on theoretical grounds.

These personal and social goals often overshadow the goals of intellectual clarity, and spiritual transcendence.

These students, although they might read various articles in popular magazines, more often chose to report on articles found in the journals.

These were often carefully written out with a great deal of thought behind them.

These cases, for all their rarity, are so dramatic that friends and relations repeat the story until the general population may get an entirely false notion of how often the hymen is a serious problem to newly-weds.

These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disk of a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet, but as small objects in the outer Solar System were discovered, their volatile-based surfaces were found to more closely resemble comets, and so were often distinguished from traditional asteroids.

These villages, called pueblos by Spanish settlers, were often only accessible by rope or through rock climbing.

These surfacing stones were often placed in distinctive patterns.

These modifications are often essential for the function or regulation of a protein ; for example, the carboxylation of glutamate allows for better binding of calcium cations, and the hydroxylation of proline is critical for maintaining connective tissues.

These measured positions are then compared with those calculated by the laws of celestial mechanics: an assembly of calculated positions is often referred to as an ephemeris, in which distances are commonly calculated in astronomical units.

These and most other cities and large towns are now connected with asphalt-paved roads, while smaller towns are often connected by dirt roads, which may require a four-wheel-drive vehicle.

These Abrasax-stones often bear Hebraic names of God: Iao, Sabaoth, Adonai, Eloai.

These brokers often traded stocks that were speculative in nature.

These bases were prepared in advance, often by capturing an estate and augmenting its defences with surrounding ditches, ramparts and palisades.

These dilemmas are often regarded as conflicts between his view on international relations and his other loyalties.

These art pieces often served a liturgical function, whether as chalices or even as church buildings themselves.

These three personages are often difficult to tell apart, and even the ancient mythographers appear to have been perplexed about which Aeolus was which.

These guitars are most commonly used by swing and jazz players and often incorporate electronics in the form of a pickup.

These edicts often pertained to matters such as the regulation of the public markets, or what we might call " economic regulation ".

These assist in flotation, together with the vacuoles in the ectoplasm, which often contain zooxanthellae.

These effects, often several of them at a time, made it very difficult for World War II era aircraft to reach speeds much beyond 800 km / h ( 500 mph ).

These include serotonin-dopamine antagonists ( see dopamine antagonist and serotonin antagonist ), multi-acting receptor-targeted antipsychotics ( MARTA, those targeting several systems ), and dopamine partial agonists, which are often categorized as atypicals.

These two values are often interpreted as binary digits and are usually denoted by the numerical digits 0 and 1.

These BBSes often had multiple modems and phone lines, allowing several users to upload and download files at once.

These instruments had varying numbers of strings, though often including some form of drone.

; Presiding Bishop or President Bishop: These titles are often used for the head of a national Anglican church, but the title is not usually associated with a particular episcopal see like the title of a primate.