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These spectra are then multiplied with a factor to match the intensity of the sample spectrum and subtracted pixel by pixel and spectrum by spectrum from the sample spectrum using a least-squares algorithm.
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These and spectra
These 98 elements have been detected in the universe at large, in the spectra of stars and also supernovae, where short-lived radioactive elements are newly being made.
These spectra are used to perform the detection process.
These spectra can be interpreted to derive information about the atoms and molecules, and they can also be used to detect, identify and quantify chemicals.
These include attaching spectrophotometers to telescopes to measure the spectra of astronomical features.
The quantum dot absorption features correspond to transitions between discrete, three-dimensional particle in a box states of the electron and the hole, both confined to the same nanometer-size box. These discrete transitions are reminiscent of atomic spectra and have resulted in quantum dots also being called artificial atoms.
These carried dogs, and experiments to analyze the upper atmosphere, measure cosmic rays and take far-UV spectra of the Sun.
These devices record spectra of the Sun, as sunlight passes through the Earth's atmosphere, making analyses of the chemical elements of the atmosphere possible.
These lines are known as forbidden lines, and are the strongest lines in most nebular spectra.
These spectra can be used to determine the average oxidation state of the element in the sample.
These hot peculiar stars have been divided into 4 main classes on the basis of their spectra, although two classification systems are sometimes used: metallic-lined ( Am, CP1 ), Ap ( CP2 ), mercury-manganese ( HgMn, CP3 ) and helium-weak ( He-weak, CP4 ).
An A-type main-sequence star ( A V ) or A dwarf star is a main-sequence ( hydrogen-burning ) star of spectral type A and luminosity class V. These stars have spectra which are defined by strong hydrogen Balmer absorption lines.
These compounds were used to study the kinetics of tetrahedral intermediate decomposition into its respective carbonyl species, and to measure the IR, UV, and NMR spectra of the tetrahedral adduct.
Castleman Jr., T. Morisato, S. N. Khanna Science, Vol 304, Issue 5667, 84 – 87, 2 April 2004 Abstract MS spectra These clusters of 13 aluminium atoms with an extra electron added do not appear to react with oxygen when it is introduced in the same gas stream.
These are easily seen in electron paramagnetic resonance spectra ( in which they are confusingly called P1 centers ).
These spectra tend to be intermediate between the core X-type and the C and K-type.
These and are
These are just another couple of characters to roll.
These men are not callous.
These things are important to almost all Persians and perhaps most important to the most ordinary.
These are traversed by another line of vaults, and thus rooms, arched on all four sides, are formed.
These songs ( practically all Persian music, for that matter ) are limited to a range of two octaves.
These are not, however, differences in federal structure.
These my grandmother left in their places ( they are still there, more persistent and longer-lived than the generations of man ) and planted others like them, that flourished without careful tending.
These are like the initial ways in which the world forces itself upon the self and thrusts the self into decision and choice.
These are suggestive of Selma Lagerlof.
These assumptions lead to an organization with one man at the top, six directly under him, six under each of these, and so on until there are six levels of personnel.
These ways are absolutely irreconcilable because they offer two different recipes for man's redemption from chaos.
These responses are explicable in terms of characteristics inherent in the crisis.
These discoveries are of present interest chiefly to the scientific community ; ;
These are personality factors ; ;
These are, if the research is done with subtlety and skill, researchable topics, but the research is missing.
These moments are historical events in the lives of individual authors with which the student of comparative literature must be frequently concerned.
These lives are in themselves outside of the moral order and are unburdened with moral responsibility.
These conceptions and the manner in which they were transposed into poetry or engendered by poetic form are intrinsic to western life from the time of Aeschylus to that of Shakespeare.
These biographical analogies are obvious, and far too much time has been spent speculating on their possible implications.
These women whose organization grew out of the old suffrage movement are dedicated to Thomas Jefferson's dictum that one must cherish the people's spirit but `` Keep alive their attention ''.
These are, of course, the same people whose support he has only now rejected to seek the independent vote.
These are New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Maryland, Missouri, New Jersey, Illinois and Minnesota.
These men are spenders.
These and then
These errors were then collected and written on a blackboard, condensing similar ideas.
These booze customers had until then been buying their supplies from the Sheldon, Saltis-McErlane, and Druggan-Lake gangs, and now they were competing for trade with the Torrio-Capone saloons ; ;
These are then mixed by their sound engineers with the active co-operation of the musical staff and combined into the final two channels which are impressed on the record.
These keys are the working principles of physics, mathematics and astronomy, principles which are then extrapolated, or projected, to explain phenomena of which we have little or no direct knowledge.
These members would then unthaw the rest of the personnel.
These are then closed with valves and the air is forced into the lungs by contraction of the throat.
These measured positions are then compared with those calculated by the laws of celestial mechanics: an assembly of calculated positions is often referred to as an ephemeris, in which distances are commonly calculated in astronomical units.
These subunits would typically then again be divided into quarters, with each side being mile long, and being of a square mile in area, or 40 acres.
These pits were also used to steam foods by adding heated rocks or embers and then seaweed or corn husks ( or other coverings ) placed on top to steam fish and shellfish as well as vegetables ; potatoes would be added while still in-skin and corn while in-husk, this would later be referred to as a clambake by the colonists.
These rumors then made their way into popular culture.
These are then organized into reactive and non-reactive adhesives, which refers to if the adhesive chemically reacts to harden.
These 10 residues are then known as angiotensin I. Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) then removes a further two residues which converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II.
These persons are then made up, and in some cases altered to look like the target, with the body double then taking the place of the person in high risk situations.
These were due to an enormous amount of exceedingly fine dust blown to a great height by the volcano's explosion, and then globally diffused by the high atmospheric currents.
These archive files were then compressed with ARC or ZIP and forwarded to ( or polled by ) another nearby node or hub via a dialup Xmodem session.
These include games in in 1959 and 1966, East Africa ( then mostly Kenya, and held in Nairobi ), and an unofficial game against Ceylon ( future Sri Lanka ) in 1950.
These molecules recognize specific reactant molecules called substrates ; they then catalyze the reaction between them.
These coaches in turn have their own disciples who have utilized Walsh's West Coast system such as Houston Texans head coach Gary Kubiak first a quarterback coach with the 49ers, then offensive coordinator for Shanahan at the Denver Broncos.
These ancient breeds then migrated South ( founding the Tazi / Saluki branch ) and West ( founding the Stepnaya, Krimskaya and Hortaya branches ) to develop into breeds adapted to those regions.
These findings help explain the categories used in Holdridge ’ s bioclassification scheme, which were then later simplified in Whittaker ’ s.
These churches at first used and then revised the use of the Prayer Book, until they, like their parent, produced prayer books which took into account the developments in liturgical study and practice in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which come under the general heading of the Liturgical Movement.
These can trap enemies, who are defeated if the bubble is then burst by the player's spiny back.
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