These strong forces spontaneously break the massless fermions ' chiral symmetries, some of which are weakly gauged as part of the Standard Model.

These weakly ejective articulations are sometimes called intermediates in older American linguistic literature and are notated with different phonetic symbols: ⟨⟩ = strongly ejective, ⟨⟩ = weakly ejective.

These are nuclear regions where ionized gas is present, but the ions are only weakly ionized ( i. e. the atoms are missing relatively few electrons ).

These galaxies all lie within the Sculptor Group, a weakly bound, filament-like group of galaxies located near the Local Group.

These outcomes lead to two theories for the game, the induction ( game theoretically correct version ) and the deterrence theory ( weakly dominated theory ):

These tumor suppressing proteins regulate the cell cycle, but are rendered inactive when bound to an inhibitory protein.

These electrons are bound to the metal lattice but no longer to an individual atom.

These developments also encouraged Finnish nationalism and cultural unity through the birth of the Fennoman movement, which bound the Finns to the domestic governmental system and led to the idea that the Finnish Grand Duchy was an increasingly autonomous part of the Russian Empire.

These include glueballs and hybrid mesons ( mesons bound by excited gluons ).

These assistance devices are not bound by the restrictions of common medical robotic systems.

These chains can be single, where a tetrahedron is bound to two others to form a continuous chain ; alternatively, two chains can be merged to create double-chain silicates.

These structures allow one to see the details of interactions of the Thermus thermophilus ribosome with mRNA and with tRNAs bound at classical ribosomal sites.

These California bound emigrants became snowbound in the Sierra Nevada in the winter of 1846 – 1847, and some had resorted to cannibalism to survive.

These South African actions gave rise to several rulings at the International Court of Justice, which in 1950 ruled that South Africa was not obliged to convert South-West Africa into a UN trust territory, but was still bound by the League of Nations Mandate with the United Nations General Assembly assuming the supervisory role.

These and other terms used below are defined in detail since they are bound to conflict with different sources.

These and adjacent valleys follow the general trend of Basin and Range topography with one modification: there are parallel strike-slip faults that perpendicularly bound the central extent of Death Valley.

These lay brothers were bound by vows of chastity and obedience to their abbot, but were otherwise permitted to follow a less demanding form of Cistercian life.

These may be loaded separately from the baggage or mixed in if they are bound for the same destination.

These recipes include solid ingredients such as meat, fish, and fruit bound by the custard.

These feats have been attributed to misinterpretations of statues depicting Milo with his head bound in victor's ribbons, his hand holding the apple of victory, and his feet positioned on a round disc that would have been fitted into a pedestal or base.

# These bound antibody / antigen complexes are then added to an antigen-coated well.

These unknown somethings are manifested within the noumenon — although we can never know how or why as our perceptions of these unknown somethings are bound by the limitations of the categories of the understanding and we are therefore never able to fully know the " thing-in-itself ".

These oaths bound the lord and his new serf in a feudal contract and defined the terms of their agreement.

These include a gym, swimming pool, shooting range, golf course, a 320-seat theatre, art department and design block, an astro turf, an outward bound area, a 15th-century dining hall, an Abbey chapel that can be traced back to the 10th century and grounds designed by Lancelot " Capability " Brown.

These filaments, averaging 10 nanometers in diameter, are more stable ( strongly bound ) than actin filaments, and heterogeneous constituents of the cytoskeleton.

These bonds form as water is bound by sugar and forces pectin strands to stick together.

These groups, however, find themselves bound to the fate of the civilization.

These were inexpensive and could be bound in a magazine.

These three rivers bound nearly 80 percent of the Salween basin, but there are other smaller drainage areas to the southeast and southwest, some emptying into the Andaman Sea / Indian Ocean and some into the Gulf of Thailand.

These balls are moving in great circles and ellipses, and are of course, the electrons, the particles of negative electricity which by their action create the forces that tie this atom of calcium to the neighboring atoms of oxygen and make up the solid structure of my finger bone.

These were discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1932 and named positrons ( a contraction of " positive electrons ").

These he interpreted as " negative-energy electrons " and attempted to identify them with protons in his 1930 paper A Theory of Electrons and Protons However, these " negative-energy electrons " turned out to be positrons, and not protons.

These electrons cause the nuclei to be attracted to each other, and this attraction results in the bond.

These newly added electrons potentially occupy a lower energy-state ( effectively closer to more nuclear charge ) than they experience in a different atom.

These perturbations result in different arrangement of electrons in the excited state of the involved molecules and therefore in different effects.

These layers of fixed positive and negative charges, collectively known as the depletion layer because they are depleted of free electrons and holes.

These freed electrons and ions are in turn accelerated and strike other atoms, creating more charge carriers, in a chain reaction.

These two properties are not contradictory, because in the optimal geometrical arrangement, there is more magnetic moment from the sublattice of electrons that point in one direction, than from the sublattice that points in the opposite direction.

These numerical co-incidences refer to such quantities as the ratio of the age of the universe to the atomic unit of time, the number of electrons in the universe, and the difference in strengths between gravity and the electric force for the electron and proton.

These are accelerated by an electrostatic field where they strike a phosphor coated screen, converting the electrons back into photons.

These electrons are then used in the reactions that turn carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

These electrons are shuttled through an electron transport chain, the so-called Z-scheme shown in the diagram, that initially functions to generate a chemiosmotic potential across the membrane.

These include photon scanning microscopy ( PSTM ), which uses an optical tip to tunnel photons ; scanning tunneling potentiometry ( STP ), which measures electric potential across a surface ; spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy ( SPSTM ), which uses a ferromagnetic tip to tunnel spin-polarized electrons into a magnetic sample, and atomic force microscopy ( AFM ), in which the force caused by interaction between the tip and sample is measured.

These excited electrons can tunnel across the barrier.

These electrodes are referred to as grids as they are not solid electrodes but sparse elements through which electrons can pass on their way to the plate.

These angled plates ( not to be confused with the anode ) focus the electron stream onto certain spots on the anode which can withstand the heat generated by the impact of massive numbers of electrons, while also providing pentode behavior.

These electrons are then directed into an electron multiplier for analysis.

These secondary peaks, not to be confused with high energy satellites which are discussed later, arise from the presence of the same element in multiple different chemical states on a surface ( i. e. Adsorbate layers ) or from relaxation transitions involving valence band electrons of the substrate.

These atoms can also turn into ions and electrons if they reach a certain temperature.

These electrons can be provided from a hot cathode filament and when accelerated in the electrical field of the cathode, fall to the anode ( Kaufman type ion thruster ).

These changes can be represented in formulas by inserting appropriate electrons into each half-reaction: