They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets and, and had clear central direction from ... < nowiki ></ nowiki > John .” In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, p. 39, 40 .</ ref >

They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets and, and had clear central direction from ... < nowiki ></ nowiki > John .” In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, p. 39, 40 .</ ref > and Ferdinand and Isabella, in the Treaty of Alcáçovas ( 1479 ) gave up all rights to Atlantic and African lands and seas, with the exception of the Canary Islands, which remained Castilian.

They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets and, and had clear central direction from ... < nowiki ></ nowiki > John .” In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, p. 39, 40 .</ ref > This was the first colonial war among European poweres.

They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets and, and had clear central direction from ... < nowiki ></ nowiki > John .” In A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400-1668, Routledge, New York, 2005, p. 39, 40 .</ ref > This was the first colonial war among European powers.

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