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This Constitution was amended, first, by the Constitution of the Year X, which made Napoleon First Consul for Life, more extensively altered by the Constitution of the Year XII which established the Bonaparte dynasty with Napoleon as a hereditary Emperor, abolished by the first, brief Bourbon Restoration of 1814, revived and at once virtually replaced by the so-called " Additional Act " of April 1815 promulgated on Napoleon's brief return ; and definitively abolished by the return of Louis XVIII later in 1815 ( following the Hundred Days ).
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Constitution and was
During his two terms the Constitution was tested and found workable, strong national policies were inaugurated, and the traditions and powers of the Presidential office firmly fixed.
To their leaders the Constitution was a compact made by the people of sovereign states, who therefore retained the right to secede from it.
The champions of the Union maintained that the Constitution had formed, fundamentally, the united people of America, that it was a compact among sovereign citizens rather than states, and that therefore the states had no right to secede, though the citizens could.
Many believe -- and understandably -- that the great difference between the Constitution of the Southern Confederacy and the Federal Constitution was that the former recognized the right of each state to secede.
They recognized that slavery was a moral issue and not merely an economic interest, and that to recognize it explicitly in their Constitution would be in explosive contradiction to the concept of sovereignty they had set forth in the Declaration of 1776 that `` all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
Though his election was interpreted by many Southerners as the forerunner of a dangerous shift in the federal balance in favor of the Union, Lincoln himself proposed no such change in the rights the Constitution gave the states.
The American Constitution was historic at this point in providing that `` Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ''.
Lincoln understood that the Federal government's power to end slavery was limited by the Constitution, which before 1865, committed the issue to individual states.
He felt such action could only be taken by the commander-in-chief using war powers granted to the president by the Constitution, and Lincoln was planning to take that action.
Nevertheless, in 1861, Lincoln justified the war in terms of legalisms ( the Constitution was a contract, and for one party to get out of a contract all the other parties had to agree ), and then in terms of the national duty to guarantee a republican form of government in every state.
The slavery issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an anachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in the United States, or a state system protected by the Constitution.
The 1857 Congressional rejection of the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution was the first multi-party solid-North vote, and that solid vote was anti-slavery to support the anti-slavery majority in Kansas Territory.
The Secretary promulgated the Constitution of American Samoa which was approved by a Constitutional Convention of the people of American Samoa and a majority of the voters of American Samoa voting at the 1966 election, and came into effect in 1967.
Part of Title I was found unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court as it pertains to states in the case of Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett as violating the sovereign immunity rights of the several states as specified by the Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Pausanias, the second king of Sparta ( see Spartan Constitution for more information on Sparta's dual monarchy ), was supposed to provide Lysander with reinforcements as they marched into Boeotia, yet failed to arrive in time to assist Lysander, likely because Pausanias disliked him for his brash and arrogant attitude towards the Spartan royalty and government.
In one of his first speeches on the floor, he commented that neither the federal nor the state government had authority to abolish slavery, asserting this was a form of property guaranteed by the Constitution.
" Johnson said it was an invasion by federal authority of the rights of the states, it had no warrant in the Constitution and was contrary to all precedents.
It was designed to put the key provisions of the Civil Rights Act into the Constitution, but it went further.
He was buried just outside Greeneville – with his body wrapped in an American flag and a copy of the U. S. Constitution placed under his head, according to his wishes.
The first Spanish Constitution was in 1812.
Constitution and amended
In July 2008, the French Constitution was amended adding article 75-1, stating les langues régionales appartiennent au patrimoine de la France ( the regional languages belong to the heritage of France ).
After Pinochet left power in the 1988, saying this country was ready to keep going along with a plebiscite, the Constitution was amended to ease provisions for future amendments to the Constitution.
The new Račan government amended the Constitution, changing the political system from a presidential system to a parliamentary system, transferring most executive presidential powers from the president onto the institutions of the Parliament and the Prime Minister.
1981 — Constitution is amended.
__NOTOC__The current Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a controversial and tightly controlled plebiscite on September 11, 1980, under the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, partially effective March 11, 1981, fully effective 11 March 1990 and amended considerably on August 17, 1989 ( via referendum ) and on September 22, 2005 ( legislatively ), and also in 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, replaced the earlier constitution of 1925.
In January 1999, the Constitution was amended to abolish the position of military commander-in-chief of the armed forces, thus codifying civilian authority over the military.
The Irish Government acknowledged this interpretation — although it did not acknowledge any legal obligations to persons in this larger diaspora — when Article 2 of the Constitution of Ireland was amended in 1998 to read " urthermore, the Irish nation cherishes its special affinity with people of Irish ancestry living abroad who share its cultural identity and heritage.
The Argentine claim is included in the transitional provisions of the Constitution of Argentina as amended in 1994:
Akayev scheduled an October 1994 referendum, overwhelmingly approved by voters, that proposed two amendments to the Constitution, one that would allow the Constitution to be amended by means of a referendum, and the other creating a new bicameral parliament called the Jogorku Keņesh.
A February 1996 referendum – in violation of the Constitution and the law on referendums – amended the Constitution to give President Akayev more power.
In December 1991, the Constitution was amended to make Mauritius a republic within the Commonwealth.
In 1992 the Congress was even further empowered, including ability to suspend any articles of the Constitution ( per amended art.
On 27 December 1991, the Constitution of Seychelles was amended to allow for the registration of political parties.
* 1980 – Voters approve a new Constitution of Chile, later amended after the departure of president Picochet.
The Constitution has been amended seventeen additional times ( for a total of 27 amendments ) and its principles are applied in courts of law by judicial review.
The Constitution was amended in December 2004 to ease the resolution of the 2004 presidential election crisis.
The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam, its fourth, on 15 April 1992, and it has been amended once since then.
Since independence, the Constitution has been amended by the government to provide for:
In Canada, some of the Acts were amended or repealed by the Constitution Act, 1982.
This final Act of the British Parliament regarding Canada had a different name, since it renamed all of the unrepealed earlier British North America Acts, amended some of them, and repealed all others, patriated all remaining legislative and constitutional powers to Canada, and included the Constitution Act, 1982 as its schedule.
Under the 1976 Constitution ( as modified 1979, and amended in 1988, 1989, and 1996 ) Algeria is a multi-party state.
* First Amendment of the Constitution of India, which amended several of the Fundamental Rights in India
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