Moreover, the Church decreed lesser chastisements against laymen suspected of sympathy with Cathars, at the 1235 Council of Narbonne.

# Second Council of Constantinople ( 553 ) repudiated the Three Chapters as Nestorian, condemned Origen of Alexandria, decreed the Theopaschite Formula.

Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council.

The Council of Trent decreed: " If anyone shall say that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he who falls and sins was never truly justified ; or, on the contrary, that throughout his whole life he can avoid all sins even venial sins, except by a special privilege of God, as the Church holds in regard to the Blessed Virgin: let him be anathema.

The 4th century Council of Rome decreed that the author of 1 John and that of 2 and 3 John should be regarded as distinct individuals.

Sedevacantists, on the other hand, claim that the infallible Magisterium of the Catholic Church could not have decreed the changes made in the name of the Second Vatican Council, and conclude that those who issued these changes could not have been acting with the authority of the Catholic Church.

A fourth century Council of Rome decreed that John the Evangelist should be distinguished from John the Presbyter.

Departmental tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the City Parliament are carried by the City Council.

The Council of Ephesus decreed in 431 that Mary is Theotokos because her son Jesus is one person who is both God and man, divine and human.

The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed ( canon xv ): " We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics ".

The Council denounced Nestorius ' teaching as erroneous and decreed that Jesus was one person, not two separate people: complete God and complete man, with a rational soul and body.

During his pontificate, he convened the First Vatican Council in 1869, which decreed papal infallibility.

The original Catholic Canon law on the subject, intended to prevent clandestine marriages, was decreed in Canon 51 of the Lateran IV Council in 1215 ; until then, the public announce in church of marriages to be contracted was only done in some areas.

The Council of Trent taught that only the priest who celebrated Mass was bound by divine law to receive communion under both species, and that Christ, whole and entire, and a true sacrament are received under either form alone, and therefore, as regards its fruits, those who receive one species only are not deprived of any grace necessary to salvation "; and it decreed: " If anyone says that the holy Catholic Church was not moved by just causes and reasons that laymen and clerics when not consecrating should communicate under the form of bread only, or has erred in this, let him be anathema.

Next year, they decreed the closure of what for them was still the Council of Basel.

Considerable powers had been decreed to Church councils by the Council of Constance, which amid the troubles of the Western Schism had proclaimed the superiority, in certain cases, of the council over the pope, and the fathers at Basel insisted upon their right of remaining assembled.

On 4 December 1963, the Second Vatican Council decreed in Chapter II of its Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium:

The Third Council of Carthage ( 393 ) and the Second Council of Orleans ( 541 ) reiterated the prohibition of feasting in churches, and the Trullan Council of 692 decreed that honey and milk were not to be offered on the altar ( Canon 57 ), and that those who held love feasts in churches should be excommunicated ( Canon 74 ).

This distinction is spelled out in the dogmatic conclusions of the Seventh Ecumenical Council ( 787 ), which also decreed that iconoclasm ( forbidding icons and their veneration ) is a heresy that amounts to a denial of the incarnation of Jesus.

Later that month, on 15 August 1343 the Council of the Realm issued letters throughout the two kingdoms stating that the king and the Council of the Realm had decreed to create his youngest son Haakon the King of Norway.

The Second Council of Nicaea in 787 decreed that every altar should contain a relic, making it clear that this was already the norm, as it remains to the present day in the Catholic and Orthodox churches.

It was also at this Council that a cardinal ventured to correct Sigismund's Latin ( he had construed the word schisma as feminine rather than neuter ).

The seminary of San Pablo and Santa Tecla was founded in 1570 by the cardinal archbishop, Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta, and was the first to comply with the decrees of the Council of Trent.

* James Cardinal Stafford, an American cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary, President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity, Archbishop of Denver, Bishop of Memphis, and Auxiliary Bishop of Baltimore

At the Council of Florence, held in Ferrara ( 1438 ) and then Florence ( 1439 – 1445 ), Bessarion supported the Roman church and gained the favour of Pope Eugene IV, who invested him with the rank of cardinal at a consistory of 18 December 1439.

During his Oxford years he wrote Justitia Divina ( 1653 ), an exposition of the dogma that God cannot forgive sin without an atonement ; Communion with God ( 1657 ), Doctrine of the Saints ' Perseverance ( 1654 ), his final attack on Arminianism ; Vindiciae Evangelicae, a treatise written by order of the Council of State against Socinianism as expounded by John Biddle ; On the Mortification of Sin in Believers ( 1656 ), an introspective and analytic work ; Schism ( 1657 ), one of the most readable of all his writings ; Of Temptation ( 1658 ), an attempt to recall Puritanism to its cardinal spiritual attitude from the jarring anarchy of sectarianism and the pharisaism which had followed on popularity and threatened to destroy the early simplicity.

:" No German ecclesiastic of his age appears to have won for himself so unusual a repute as a theologian and to have held so important a position, as the trusted counsellor of the leading German cardinal at the Vatican Council.

Some years after the First Vatican Council, in which he played a central role in the proclamation of Papal Infallibility, he was made Ireland's first cardinal, ahead of the nominally superior Archbishop of Armagh.

: Top Curia official Renato Martino, a cardinal deacon and President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, attacked the way Saddam Hussein was treated by his captors, saying he had been dealt with like an animal.

After the Council of Trent the later cardinal Stanislaus Hosius ( 1551 – 79 ) held a diocesan synode ( 1565 ) and the same year the Jesuits came to Braunsberg.

A history of political interference in papal selection and consequently long vacancies between popes, culminating in the interregnum of 1268 – 1271, prompted Pope Gregory X to decree during the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 that the cardinal electors should be locked in seclusion cum clave ( Latin for " with a key ") and not permitted to leave until a new Bishop of Rome had been elected.

After a short but dramatic pontificate during which he convoked the Second Vatican Council which resulted in wide ranging changes in the church, the surprise John was replaced by the widely expected choice Giovanni Batista Montini, who many believed would have been elected in 1958, had he been a cardinal then.

For his zeal in defending the papal rights against the 1511 Council of Pisa, in a series of works which were condemned by the Sorbonne and publicly burnt by order of King Louis XII, he obtained the bishopric of Gaeta, and in 1517 Pope Leo X made him a cardinal and archbishop of Palermo.

The movement was given a major endorsement by Léo Joseph Cardinal Suenens ( 1904 – 1996 ), a leading cardinal in the Catholic Church and one of four moderators of the Second Vatican Council.

Notable features of his reign included the establishment of the Council of Trent and an unprecedented level of nepotism, for example, two months after becoming pope in 1534, he made his 14 year-old grandson Alessandro a cardinal deacon.

Édouard Gagnon, OC ( January 15, 1918 – August 25, 2007 ) was a Canadian Roman Catholic cardinal and President of the Pontifical Council for the Family for 16 years, from 1974 to 1990.

As cardinal, Bishop of Trent, and temporal ruler of that principality, he naturally played a prominent part in the Council of Trent.

* John Patrick Foley — Roman Catholic cardinal ; former president of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications and former Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem ( 1953 )

From 1962 to 1965, Cardinal Traglia participated in the Second Vatican Council, during the course of which he served as a cardinal elector in the 1963 papal conclave that selected Pope Paul VI.

His two well-known letters to Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini ( later Pius II ) about the pope's relations to the Council of Basel are printed among the works of Pius II Piccolomini, in his letters, describes Cesarini as unfortunate in war, but he also says the cardinal went straight to heaven upon being martyred by the Turks.

The electors, like the other princes ruling States of the Empire, were members of the Reichstag, which was divided into three collegia: the Council of Electors, the Council of Princes, and the Council of Cities.

In addition to being members of the Council of Electors, several lay electors were therefore members of the Council of Princes as well by virtue of other territories they possessed.

In many cases, the lay electors ruled numerous States of the Empire, and therefore held several votes in the Council of Princes.

Thus, of the hundred votes in the Council of Princes in 1792, twenty-three belonged to electors.

The lay electors therefore exercised considerable influence, being members of the small Council of Electors and holding a significant number of votes in the Council of Princes.

The standing of Heffron's government suffered when the electors rejected its proposal to abolish the New South Wales Legislative Council at a referendum in April 1961, being the first time Labor had lost a state electoral poll in 20 years.

In his complaint, he alleged that the petition for annexation was improperly filed with the county clerk prior to its presentation to the City Council of Little Rock, that an insufficient number of electors signed this petition, that the officials holding said election were not properly named, and that seven of the 141 persons who voted in favor of said annexation in Cammack Village were not qualified voters.

The electors were then told to break up the Convention and assemble into the formal Assembly or Council.

The Liberals were returned to power once again in 1845 to formed a cabinet, and managed to enact several programs: a protectionist tariff ( 1844 ), electoral reforms that extended suffrage and reduced the number of electors ( 1846 ), and the creation of a new office, president of the Council of Ministers ( 1847 ).

Each region consists of 11 contiguous Legislative Assembly districts with about 420, 000 electors who elect five members of the Legislative Council by the single transferable vote.

Westport Town Council consists of nine members who are elected every five years by local electors ( persons whose names are in the Register of Electors ).

Text of petition reads: " I, the undersigned elector residing or owning real property within the City of Victoria, do hereby present my name on this elector response form for the purpose of opposing the Council of the City of Victoria adopting Loan Authorization ( Johnson Street Bridge ) Bylaw No. 09-057 without first obtaining the assent of the electors by a vote ( referendum ).

Senators are only elected by a small college of electors, delegates of the General Council of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon and delegates of the two Municipal Councils.

He founded the Royal Council or Tlatocan and established four permanent electors to advise the new king, in his inexperience, at the beginning of each reign.

Before the Second Vatican Council, when the pope was announcing the names of new cardinals at a Secret Consistory ( that is when, emperors, kings, princes or electors of the Holy Roman Empire were not present ), the names of the newly appointed cardinals would be read out then those of Bishops and Archbishops were also announced.

Although it has no electors, Imber is represented in parliament by the member for South West Wiltshire, Andrew Murrison ; and on Wiltshire Council by Christopher Newbury.

Indo-Fijian and European electors voted directly for 3 of the 5 members allocated to them ( the other two were appointed by the Governor ); the 5 indigenous Fijian members were all nominated by the Great Council of Chiefs.

Each diocese then contributes twelve electors to an Electoral College ; their numbers are augmented by the members of The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the General Community Council, Coptic Orthodox political leaders and journalists and envoys of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.