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This Demotic text, known from more than forty fragmentary copies, consists of a dialogue between a person called " The-one-who-loves-knowledge " and a figure that Jasnow and Zauzich identify as Thoth.
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Demotic and text
The Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian granodiorite stele inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. The decree appears in three scripts: the upper text is Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the middle portion Demotic script, and the lowest Ancient Greek.
They could not, however, identify the remaining characters in the Demotic text, which, as is now known, included ideographic and other symbols alongside the phonetic ones.
Demotic and known
At the time of the stone's discovery, the Swedish diplomat and scholar Johan David Åkerblad was working on a little-known script of which some examples had recently been found in Egypt, which came to be known as Demotic.
* 660 BC: First known use of the Demotic script.
* Last known usage of Demotic script in Egypt.
* 660 BC: First known use of the Demotic script.
Two examples of this decree are known, inscribed in Egyptian ( in both hieroglyphic and Demotic ( Egyptian )) and in classical Greek, and they were second only to the more famous Rosetta Stone in providing the key to deciphering the ancient Egyptian language.
He is known from Aramaic and ancient Greek sources, and is mentioned in the Demotic Chronicle.
Egyptologists, linguists and papyrologists specializing in the study of the Demotic script and stage of Egyptian are known as Demotists.
Demotic and from
The word oasis comes into English via from, which in turn is a direct borrowing from Demotic Egyptian.
He also noticed that these characters resembled the equivalent ones in the Demotic script, and went on to note as many as 80 similarities between the hieroglyphic and demotic texts on the stone, an important discovery because the two scripts were previously thought to be entirely different from one another.
Demotic was written using a script derived from hieratic ; its appearance is vaguely similar to modern Arabic script and is also written from right to left ( although the two are not related ).
Coptic is written using the Coptic alphabet, a modified form of the Greek alphabet with a number of symbols borrowed from Demotic for sounds that did not occur in Ancient Greek.
However, most words of Egyptian origin that entered into Greek, and subsequently into other European languages, came directly from ancient Egyptian ( often Demotic ).
Coptic therefore is a reference both to the most recent stage of Egyptian after Demotic, and to the new writing system that was adapted from the Greek alphabet.
Coptic uses a writing system almost wholly derived from the Greek alphabet, with the addition of a number of letters that have their origins in Demotic Egyptian.
The repertoire of glyphs is based on the Greek alphabet augmented by letters borrowed from the Egyptian Demotic and is the first alphabetic script used for the Egyptian language.
A number of letters, however, were derived from Demotic, and many of these ( though not all ) are used in " true " Coptic writing.
Coptic is largely based on the Greek alphabet, another help in interpreting older Egyptian texts, with 24 letters of Greek origin ; 6 or 7 more were retained from Demotic, depending on the dialect ( 6 in Sahidic, another each in Bohairic and Akhmimic ).
Demotic refers particularly to the form of the language that evolved naturally from ancient Greek, in opposition to the artificially archaic Katharevousa, which was the official standard until 1976.
* trên and tartên " two " ( masculine and feminine form respectively ) as compared to Demotic Arabic tnēn and tintēn ( from Proto-Semitic * ṯnaimi and * ṯnataimi ).
There were two graphic forms of the Meroitic alphabet: a monumental epigraphic form taken from Egyptian hieroglyphs, and a cursive form derived from Demotic Egyptian.
Fragments from the Cairo Genizah and others written in Coptic and Demotic on papyrus round out the collection.
This may have also been assisted by the eventual availability of papyrus as well as the evolution of the hieroglyphs into the more comprehensible forms of Hieratic ( from the Greek ' hieros ' meaning ' sacred ' and coined by Herodotus ( c. 484-424 BCE )) and Demotic.
Demotic ( from dēmotikós, " popular ") refers to either the ancient Egyptian script derived from northern forms of hieratic used in the Delta, or the stage of the Egyptian language following Late Egyptian and preceding Coptic.
By convention, the word " Demotic " is capitalized in order to distinguish it from demotic Greek.
Early Demotic ( often referred to by the German term Frühdemotisch ) developed in Lower Egypt during the later part of the 25th dynasty, particularly found on stelae from the Serapeum at Saqqara.
From the 4th century BC onwards, Demotic held a higher status, as may be seen from its increasing use for literary and religious texts.
Demotic and more
With the spread of Christianity in Egypt, by the late 3rd century, knowledge of hieroglyphic writing was lost, as well as Demotic slightly later, making way for a writing system more closely associated with the Christian church.
Around 660 BC, the Demotic script ( and later Greek ) replaced hieratic in most secular writing, but hieratic continued to be used by the priestly class for several more centuries, at least into the 3rd century AD.
While Demotic is a term applied to the naturally evolved colloquial language of the Greeks, the modern Greek language of today ( Standard Modern Greek ; Νεοελληνική Κοινή ) is more like a fusion of Demotic and Katharevousa ; it can be viewed as a variety of Demotic which has been enriched by " educated " elements.
The standard form of Demotic which developed over the next few decades made more compromises with Katharevousa ( as is reflected in the contemporary standard ), and despite acrimony between the " psicharist " ( ψυχαρικοί ) radicals and the moderates, the radical strand was ultimately marginalised.
By the end of the 3rd century BC, Greek was more important as it was the administrative language of the country ; Demotic contracts lost most of their legal force unless there was a note in Greek of being registered with the authorities.
But, as it was increasingly used for only literary and religious purposes, the written language diverged more and more from the spoken form, giving Late Demotic texts an artificial character, similar to the use of classical Middle Egyptian during the Ptolemaic Period.
Demotic and dialogue
Demotic ( late Egyptian ) papyri contain substantial sections of a dialogue of Hermetic type between Thoth and a disciple.
Demotic and between
Some similarities between the Demotic texts and Platonic philosophy could be the result of Plato and his followers ' having drawn on Egyptian sources.
Another difference between Tsakonian and the common Demotic Greek dialect is its verb system-Tsakonian preserves different archaic forms, such as participial periphrasis for the present tense.
It is generally dated between 650 and 400 BC as most texts written in Early Demotic are dated to the 26th dynasty and the following Persian period ( the 27th dynasty ).
Demotic and called
The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic.
Besides, even the most archaic forms of Katharevousa were never thought of as ancient Greek, but were always called " modern Greek ", so that the phrase " modern Greek " applies to Demotic, Standard Modern Greek and even Katharevousa.
The Demotic script was referred to by the Egyptians as " document writing ," which the 2nd century scholar Clement of Alexandria called ( epistolographikē ) " letter writing ," while early Western scholars, notably Thomas Young, formerly referred to it as ' Enchorial Egyptian '.
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