That year, the Congress of Angostura established the Republic of Gran Colombia, which included all territories under jurisdiction of the former Viceroyalty of New Granada.

While Panama had also been included in the Viceroyalty during the colonial period, the Isthmus ' economic and political ties had been much closer, for all practical purposes, to the Viceroyalty of Peru ( 1542 – 1821 ).

In addition to these core areas, the territory of the Viceroyalty of New Granada included Guyana, and parts of northwestern Brazil, northern Peru, Costa Rica and Nicaragua.

* New Spain, the Viceroyalty of New Spain, at its greatest extent included much of North and Central America

In 1780, Vologda became the administrative center of Vologda Viceroyalty which included the territory of the former Archangelgorod Governorate.

Bolivian and Chilean historians disagree on whether the territory of Charcas, originally part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, later of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and ultimately of Bolivia, included access to the sea.

The May Revolution () was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish colony that included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.

The newly formed government, the Primera Junta, included only representatives from Buenos Aires and invited other cities of the Viceroyalty to send delegates to join them.

Because the United States incorporated parts of the former Viceroyalty of New Spain, the office had some influence in the local political and legal developments of those areas and is mentioned in judicial cases.

By 2025, the Viceroyalty of India is home to some 130 million people, and includes what would have become the nations of India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and half of Thailand.

; Viceroyalty of the Cape: The Viceroyalty of the Cape was the destination of some 500, 000 British refugees after the Fall.

; Viceroyalty of Australia: The Viceroyalty of Australia became the home of some one million British refugees after the Fall.

In 1713, the Viceroyalty of New Granada ( northern South America ) was created in response to other Europeans trying to take Spanish territory in the Caribbean region.

This time was one of permanent expansion of the existing buildings, massive immigration from all the other cities of the Viceroyalty, increase of the economic and political power of the city and a population growth spurt not equaled since that time.

Peruvian chef Gastón Acurio further explains that the dominant position that Lima held through four centuries as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru allowed for popular plates such as ceviche to be brought to other Spanish colonies in the region, and that in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles.

Peruvian chef Gastón Acurio further explains that the dominant position that Lima held through four centuries as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru allowed for popular plates such as ceviche to be brought to other Spanish colonies in the region, and that in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles.

In the 17th century economy of the Viceroyalty of Peru Chile's husbandry and agriculture based economy had a peripheral role exporting mainly suet, charqui and leather to the other provinces of the viceroyalty.

The Liga Federal invited other provinces of the former Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata to join them under a federal system.

On the other hand, the Viceroyalty of Peru required all commerce to be performed through Lima's port, which restrained the Buenos Aires natural port potential economy, a problem that also caused large contraband activities in the region, especially in Asunción, Buenos Aires and Montevideo.

Attorney Manuel Genaro Villota, representative of the conservative Spanish, said that the city of Buenos Aires had no right to make unilateral decisions about the legitimacy of the Viceroy or the Council of Regency without the participation of other cities of the Viceroyalty.

The Royal Audiencia secretly swore allegiance to the Council of Regency a month later and sent communiqués to the other cities of the Viceroyalty, to request them to deny recognition to the new government.

When it was expanded, as expected, with the addition of the representatives from the other cities of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, it became popularly known instead as the Junta Grande ( Grand Council ).

While the other expeditions failed in their goal of bringing all the dependencies of the former Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata under the new government in Buenos Aires, they prevented the Spaniards from crushing the rebellion.

Mendoza had been given his choice of the Viceroyalty of Mexico or of Peru, with Velasco to fill the other office.

Abascal reincorporated the provinces of Córdoba, Potosí, La Paz, Charcas, Chile and Quito ( Ecuador ) into the Viceroyalty of Peru.

When revolution broke out in Buenos Aires on May 25, 1810, Abascal reoccupied the provinces of Córdoba, Potosí, La Paz and Charcas ( in Alto Perú, now Bolivia ) and reincorporated them into the Viceroyalty of Peru.

( These provinces had been separated from Peru when the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata was created in 1776.

The Audiencia of Guadalajara had oversight of all the northern mainland provinces of the Viceroyalty.

After a long campaign in the battles of Tarabuquillo, Sala, Cotagaita, and finally La Lava on August 17 of year 1824, both royalists forces of Viceroyalty Peru ( liberals ) and of the provinces of Upper Peru ( absolutists ), were mutually decimated.

As part of the Bourbon Reforms, the northern provinces of the Viceroyalty were organized into the Commandancy General of the Internal Provinces of the North in 1777.

It was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century, which established a Viceroyalty with jurisdiction over most of its South American domains.

The Viceroyalty of New Granada () was the name given on 27 May 1717, to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.

The rough and diverse geography of northern South America and the limited range of proper roads made travel and communications within the Viceroyalty difficult.

However, the ensuing United Provinces of South America ( formed on the basis of the former Viceroyalty ) declared itself independent on 9 July 1816, after Ferdinand VII was restored in 1815.

Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru () was a Crown of Castile colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima.

Once the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, gold and silver from the Andes enriched the conquerors, and Peru became the principal source of Spanish wealth and power in South America.

Pizarro was named governor and captain of all conquests in New Castile " The Viceroyalty of Peru was established in 1542, encompassing all Spanish holdings in South America.

Therefore, the Viceroyalty of Peru became the last redoubt of the Spanish Monarchy in South America.

However, the campaigns for independence would continue: Antonio José de Sucre marched South, towards Pasto, the Audiencia de Quito, the Viceroyalty of Peru, and the Alto Perú, while Bolivar sought to expand the campaign to the westernmost regions of Venezuela, which still lay under Spanish power, and counted with 27, 000 soldiers for its defense.

However, the campaigns for independence would continue: Antonio José de Sucre marched South, towards Pasto, the Audiencia de Quito, the Viceroyalty of Peru, and the Alto Perú, while Bolivar sought to expand the campaign to the westernmost regions of Venezuela, which still lay under Spanish power, and counted with 27, 000 soldiers for its defense.

Three years later, in 1819, when Simón Bolívar began a second war of independence from the Spanish Empire, he proclaimed the supranational state of la Gran Colombia ( Greater Colombia, 1819 – 31 ), its capital city was Bogotá, and comprised northern South America and Southern Central America ( contemporary Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama ), the previous Viceroyalty of New Granada.

During colonial times, Iquique was part of the Viceroyalty of Peru as much of South America was at the time, and remained part of Peruvian territory until the end of the 19th century.

The city of Callao has also been highly important, as for hundreds of years it was the only port in all of the Viceroyalty of Peru ( all of Spanish South America at the time ) allowed to ship anything to the rest of the world.

The southern part, between 1776 and 1814, was part of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and afterwards of the United Provinces of South America.