It was founded by debate educators who believe that the debate tournament is an extension of the communication classroom and that even competitive debates should provide students with skills of research, argument selection, and presentation style that will benefit them as public advocates.

Foremost among the new doubters were the empiricists, the advocates of scientific method, with its emphasis on experimentation and reliance on evidence gathered from sensory experience.

In contrast, some advocates of faith argue that the proper domain of faith concerns questions which cannot be settled by evidence.

Gun control advocates claim that the strongest evidence linking availability of guns to injury and mortality rates comes in studies of domestic violence, most often referring to the series of studies by Arthur Kellermann.

Modern advocates of fringe theories however such as a pre-Columbian European migration to Peru continue to cite these bearded ceramics and Viracocha's beard as being evidence for an early presence of a non-Amerindian race in Peru.

On the basis of mostly internal evidence from Maximus ' writings, C. Boudignon convincingly advocates a Palestinian birth for Maximus instead ( See C. Boudignon, Maxime le Confesseur était-il constantinopolitain ?, in B. Janssens – B. Roosen – P. Van Deun, Philomathestatos.

The defence advocates seem to have presented no evidence and fled after the trial.

Lord Edward was among the advocates of the bolder course and there is some evidence that he favoured a project for the massacre of the Irish peers while in procession to the House of Lords for the trial of Lord Kingston in May 1798, despite the fact many were his own relations.

Richard Cameron Wilson, in an article in New Statesman, wrote that some advocates of discredited intellectual positions such as AIDS denial and Holocaust denial engage in pseudoskeptical behavior when they characterize themselves as " skeptics " despite cherry picking evidence that conforms to a pre-existing belief.

In determining whether a person is committing quackery, the central question is what is acceptable evidence for the efficacy and safety of whatever treatments, cures, regimens, or procedures the alleged quack advocates.

The murder advocates point to five conflicting testimonies as evidence that hers is fabricated, and the suicide advocates point to her testimony as proof of suicide.

In 1927, advocates for Sacco and Vanzetti charged that this case was brought first because evidence against Vanzetti in the Braintree robbery was weak and a conviction for the Bridgewater crimes would help convict him for the Braintree crimes.

The investigation of this case and Routier's trial and conviction remain highly controversial, with Routier's advocates arguing that there were multiple forensic and other evidentiary issues in her trial, exculpatory evidence that was improperly withheld, and other significant legal and investigatory issues that tend to point to her actual innocence.

Routier's advocates have also argued that Routier should be given a new trial, often alleging that her original trial was based heavily on circumstantial evidence and what they consider questionable court rulings.

Some free market advocates argue that political and civil liberties have simultaneously expanded with market-based economies, and present empirical evidence to support the claim that economic and political freedoms are linked.

The primary lines of evidence used by the odor plume advocates are

The waste books nevertheless reveal a critical and analytical way of thinking and emphasize on experimental evidence in physics, through which he became one of the early founders and advocates of modern scientific methodology.

However there is some evidence that these special advocates experienced difficulties effectively protecting their interests, and two of the special advocates subsequently resigned from their positions following the December 2004 ruling of the House of Lords.

There are many phenomena that advocates of an Aramaic original for the New Testament consider to be evidence for their case.

The Monte Verde findings were initially dismissed by most of the scientific community, but in recent years the evidence has become more widely accepted in some archaeological circles, although vocal " Clovis First " advocates remain.

Some advocates of the Greater India theory claim this led to an exodus of people to Southeast Asia where they set up Indianized kingdoms, but there is no evidence for such a migration of people.

) who hear arguments and evidence provided by lawyers ( also lay advocates in British Columbia ) before making a written decision on record.

The church advocates creationism, and rejects evolution, and claims that speaking in tongues is evidence of Baptism in the Holy Spirit.

because the first one is that of logic … and as I cannot object to the premise " that all people have the right to eat ", I must defer to all the conclusions …. The second of the two compelling voices, of which I am talking, is even more powerful than the first, because it is the voice of hatred, the hatred I dedicate to this common enemy that constitutes the most distinctive contrast to communism and that will oppose the angry giant already at the first instance – I am talking about the party of the so-called advocates of nationality in Germany, about those false patriots whose love for the fatherland only exists in the shape of imbecile distaste of foreign countries and neighbouring peoples and who daily pour their bile especially on France ".

" The report itself became a vehicle for shaping data in such a fashion that it supported the conclusions of the intellectuals who wrote it, with an eye towards converting its readers into advocates of centralization.

Sahotra Sarkar, a molecular biologist at the University of Texas, has testified that intelligent design advocates, and specifically the Discovery Institute, have misused his work by misrepresenting its conclusions to bolster their own claims, has gone on to allege that the extent of the misrepresentations rises to the level of professional malfeasance:

EIA neither formulates nor advocates any policy conclusions.

The FDP advocates the accession of Turkey to the EU, although this would require Turkey to fulfil all criteria.

Unger ( 1990 ) advocates a family consisting of Tungusic, Korean, and Japonic but not Turkic or Mongolic, and Doerfer ( 1988 ) rejects all the genetic claims over these major groups.

In Sweden, a major promoter of republicanism is the Swedish Republican Association, which advocates the abolition of the Monarchy of Sweden.

Ernst Zermelo was one of the major advocates of such a view ; he also developed much of axiomatic set theory.

Smetana's champions have recognised the major influences on his work as Liszt, Wagner and Berlioz – the " progressives " – while those same advocates have often played down the significance of " traditionalist " composers such as Rossini, Donizetti, Verdi and Meyerbeer.

While DEA agents claim they are merely upholding federal law and only going after " major traffickers ," advocates claim the DEA targets the most prominent political activists with their raids.

State socialism is a socialist economic system which advocates public ownership of major industries, remedial measures to benefit the working class, and a gradual process of developing socialism through government policy.

William Beebe is regarded as one of the founders of the field of ecology, as well as one of the early 20th century's major advocates of conservation.

With regard to food and drugs, mandatory labelling has been a major battleground between consumer advocates and corporations since the late 19th century.

* Raytheon is a leading member of the U. S. Global Leadership Coalition, a Washington D. C .- based coalition of over 400 major companies and NGOs that advocates for a larger International Affairs Budget, which funds American diplomatic, humanitarian, and development efforts abroad.

This impetus was soon dissipated, however, as the various major divides between the various factions of the Frankfurt Assembly came to the fore — advocates of Grossdeutschland versus advocates of Kleindeutschland, Catholics versus Protestants, supporters of Austria versus supporters of Prussia.

He outlines and advocates ( particularly in his two influential essays written with Monroe Beardsley, “ The Intentional Fallacy ” and “ The Affective Fallacy ”) an “ objective criticism ” in which the critic essentially disregards the intentions of the poet and the effect of the poem on the audience as the sole ( or even the major ) factors in analyzing and evaluating a poem ( Davis and Schleifer 43 ).

Wu Han, one of the key advocates of the project, became the first major target of the Cultural Revolution, and was denounced, and died in jail in 1969.

World Vision is a leading member of the U. S. Global Leadership Coalition, a Washington D. C .- based coalition of over 400 major companies and NGOs that advocates for a larger International Affairs Budget, which funds American diplomatic and development efforts abroad.

Political advocates outside of the major parties have complained that both the Democratic and Republican conventions have violated their First Amendment rights to demonstrate, protest and advocate their ideas.

Atlas was inspired by other fitness and health advocates who preceded him ; world-renowned strongman Eugen Sandow and Bernarr MacFadden ( a major proponent of " Physical Culture ").

Unlike earlier proponents of containment, however, the doctrine's advocates also held that the Soviet Union was overextended globally, beginning to face major opposition at home and abroad and that even one high-profile victory for these anti-communist forces was likely to expose these vulnerabilities, inspiring democratic rebellion against Soviet-supported governments around the world and within the Soviet Union itself.

Yorinaga was one of the last major advocates of restoring the once powerful Fujiwara Regency, which was the ruling political faction in Japan from about 794-967.

Other major cogeneration companies in the United States include Recycled Energy Development and leading advocates include Tom Casten and Amory Lovins.

Baron Pierre De Coubertin stepped down as head of the Olympic Movement after 1925 and with his departure the sport lost one of its major advocates.

Although each of the " five pillars " receives its own chapter or even two chapters of consideration, the relatively brief eight lectures of The Documentary Hypothesis can only present a few choice and representative instances to buttress each of the major points Cassuto makes, selected from amongst the parade examples used by advocates of the DH to substantiate their case.

This group was known by this name because the advocates of this tradition were based in the city of Antioch, one of the major cities of the ancient Roman Empire.

Higgins strongly advocates for increased federal funding for cancer research, as Buffalo is home to Roswell Park Cancer Institute, the nation's first major medical facility devoted exclusively to treating cancer.

Proponents of the Khilafat see it as the spark that led to the non-cooperation movement in India and a major milestone in improving Hindu-Muslim relations, while advocates of Pakistan and Muslim separatism see it as a major step towards establishing the separate Muslim state.