Like all early Germanic rulers, he was heavily involved in ecclesiastical disputes ; in 895, at the Diet of Tribur, he presided over a dispute between the Episcopal sees of Bremen, Hamburg and Cologne over jurisdictional authority, which saw Bremen and Hamburg remain a combined see, independent of the see of Cologne.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

In five shire counties the functions of the county and district councils were combined into a single authority ; and in two counties the powers of the county council were absorbed into a significantly reduced number of districts.

The Guild Socialists " stood for state ownership of industry, combined with “ workers ’ control ” through delegation of authority to national guilds organized internally on democratic lines.

Milgram also combined the effect of authority with that of conformity.

Economic reform during the 1980s and the devolution of much central government decision making, combined with the strong interest of local Communist Party officials in enriching themselves, has made it increasingly difficult for the central government to assert its authority.

Based on the experiences of World War II, proposals were soon made on how to more effectively manage the large combined military establishment over which only the President had direct line authority.

Knotting authority Clifford Ashley claimed that misused reef knots have caused more deaths and injuries than all other knots combined.

Although the Rabbis lacked authority to impose capital punishment " Flagellation and heavy fines, combined with an extensive system of excommunication were more than enough to uphold the authority of the courts.

These honey-kings consorting with the Goddess will have combined their position of authority with a sacral role, but modern interpreters would not follow Robert Graves in asserting that Melliseus " Adrasteia and Io's reputed father, is really their mother, Melissa — the goddess as Queen-bee, who annually killed her male consort.

Sharing the humanist and rationalist outlook of the European Enlightenment of the same time period, the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment asserted the fundamental importance of human reason combined with a rejection of any authority which could not be justified by reason.

In order to face the mounting pressure, in the more distant provinces of the West, recently regained by Justinian I ( r. 527 – 565 ), Emperor Maurice ( r. 582 – 602 ) combined supreme civil and military authority in the person of an exarch, forming the exarchates of Ravenna and Africa.

Justinian had given military authority to the governors of individual provinces plagued by brigandage in Asia Minor, but more importantly, he had also created the exceptional combined military-civilian circumscription of the quaestura exercitus and abolished the civilian Diocese of Egypt, putting a dux with combined authority at the head of each of its old provinces.

Co-ordinating this counter-attack would be a major problem as Foch had to work with " four national commanders but without any real authority to issue order under his own name [...] they would have to fight as a combined force and to overcome the major problems of different languages, cultures, doctrines and fighting styles.

The mateship culture combined with the original convict and then colonial culture has created an irreverence for established authority, particularly if it is pompous or out of touch with reality.

At the top of this culturally diverse, intensely feudalised and local society, the Marcher barons combined the authority of feudal baron and vassal of the King among their Normans, and of supplanting the traditional tywysog among their conquered Welsh.

Unlike Japan and the United Kingdom ( where regulatory authority over the banking, securities and insurance industries is combined into one single financial-service agency ), the U. S. maintains separate securities, commodities, and insurance regulatory agencies — separate from the bank regulatory agencies — at the federal and state level.

His political policies combined authority and moderate economical liberalism – that is, the support of laissez-faire economic policies.

It combined moderate agrarianism, a Home Rule programme with electoral functions, was hierarchical and autocratic in structure with Parnell wielding immense authority and direct parliamentary control.

The city of Tapachula is the governmental authority for a number of other communities which combined cover an area of 303km2.

The three volumes brought to the fore a characteristic of Trevelyan's prose which remained conspicuous through his later works -- a genius for describing military action with clarity and with authority.

In order to write with authority either about musicians, or as a musician, Patchen would have to soft pedal his characteristically outspoken anger, and change ( at least for the purposes of this poetry ) from a revolutionary to a victim.

In December I wrote her with authority that we would meet on the steps of the Hotel Astor, a rendezvous spot that I had learned was the most sophisticated.

All research within the United States contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of this Act, shall be provided for in such manner that all information, uses, products, processes, patents, and other developments resulting from such research developed by Government expenditure will ( with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the Secretary may find to be necessary in the interest of national defense ) be available to the general public.

Then in 1875, apparently in response to the nationalizing influence of the Civil War, Congress first gave the lower federal courts general authority -- concurrently with state tribunals -- to decide cases involving federal-right questions.

She liked this taste of authority and independence, and, with darkness, was not likely to give it up.

In the above mentioned report of the Notre Dame Chapter of the American Association of University Professors, the basic outlook of the new breed of lay faculty emerges very clearly in the very statement of the problem as the members see it: `` Even with the best of intentions he ( the President of the university ) is loath to delegate such authority and responsibility to a group the membership of which, considered ( as it must be by him ) in individual terms, is inhomogeneous, mortal and of extremely varying temperament, interests and capabilities.

The first is a negative warning: there is no point in the creation of faculty committees and advisory boards with high-sounding titles but no real authority.

Second, there were those ( Moise Tshombe ) who favored near-Balkanization, a loose federalism having a central government of limited authority, with much power residing in the states.

The red-haired captain, towering above the prisoner as a symbol of decency and authority, was shocked to find himself looking with sympathy upon Philip Spencer.

These stateless societies are not less evolved than societies with states, but chose to conjure the institution of authority as a separate function from society.

The leader is only a spokesperson for the group when it has to deal with other groups (" international relations ") but has no inside authority, and may be violently removed if he attempts to abuse this position.

He was permitted to call on governors of Arkansas, Tennessee and Mississippi for new troops, although this authority was largely stifled by politics, especially with respect to Mississippi.

Emigration to an uncivilized country leaves British nationality unaffected: indeed the right claimed by all states to follow with their authority their subjects so emigrating is one of the usual and recognized means of colonial expansion.

There is no single " Anglican Church " with universal juridical authority as each national or regional church has full autonomy.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the Catholic Church ( both the Latin Rite and Eastern Catholic ), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, rights, and authority of an abbess correspond generally with those of an abbot.

But it must also be noted that he used several indirect means to obtain and support his authority with the people.

Ealdred did much to restore discipline in the monasteries and churches under his authority, and was liberal with gifts to the churches of his diocese.

This meant not only that the king had retained the loyalty of ealdormen, royal reeves and king ’ s thegns ( who were charged with levying and leading these forces ), but that they had maintained their positions of authority in these localities well enough to answer his summons to war.

As Caliph, Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad, since the religious function and authority of prophethood ended with Muhammad's death according to Islam.

Both the number of families in this later suborder is debated with the number of families being between one and twenty depending on the authority and the number of genera being between nineteen and twenty five.

Before the break with papal authority in the 16th century, the Church of England was an integral part of the Western European church.

In addition to the reference, the Doctrine and Covenants contains numerous references to the anointing and healing of the sick by those with authority to do so.