An alphabet is a standard set of letters ( basic written symbols or graphemes ) which is used to write one or more languages based on the general principle that the letters represent phonemes ( basic significant sounds ) of the spoken language.

As a basic starting point it is normally assumed that, for the purposes of analysis, the general algorithm is known ; this is Shannon's Maxim " the enemy knows the system " -- in its turn, equivalent to Kerckhoffs ' principle.

J. Bowyer Bell, in his The Irish Troubles, describes Maguire's opinion in 1986, " abstentionism was a basic tenet of republicanism, a moral issue of principle.

* Canon ( basic principle )

The attraction between male and female is the basic principle of material

In Taoism, qi functions similarly to pneuma in terms of a prime matter ( a basic principle of energetic transformation ) that accounts for both biological and inanimate phenomena.

The basic principle of displacement chromatography is:

In 1873, Frederick Guthrie discovered the basic principle of operation of thermionic diodes.

The basic principle of dimensional analysis was known to Isaac Newton ( 1686 ) who referred to it as the " Great Principle of Similitude ".

" Moreover, " he basic principle of altruism is that man has no right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the only justification for his existence, and that self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty, virtue or value.

Though discouraging, the failure of choice to lead to overall improvement often seems to reflect weaknesses in the way that choice is implemented rather than a failure of the basic principle itself.

That said, the basic principle behind firearm operation remains unchanged to this day.

The basic principle of acting " with harm to none " is mentioned repeatedly in the Ordains, a body of traditional guidelines for behavior both within the coven and within the larger human community.

A March 1906 Scientific American article by American hydrofoil pioneer William E. Meacham explained the basic principle of hydrofoils.

This basic principle of insurance must be followed if insurance companies are to remain solvent.

The basic principle behind observance of this vow lies in the fact that life changes.

A basic principle of boxing, and other combat sports is to defend against this vulnerability by keeping both hands raised about the face and the chin tucked in.

From this same perspective, readers of alphabetic languages must understand the alphabetic principle to master basic reading skills.

We are now in a position like that of the British Interplanetary Society of the 1930s which described how multistage liquid-fueled rockets could reach the Moon and pointed to early rockets as illustrations of the basic principle.

Furthermore, to the postulates of quantum mechanics one should also add basic statements on the properties of spin and Pauli's exclusion principle, see below.

The property of spin relates to another basic property concerning systems of N identical particles: Pauli's exclusion principle, which is a consequence of the following permutation behaviour of an N-particle wave function ; again in the position representation one must postulate that for the transposition of any two of the N particles one always should have

Although spin and the Pauli principle can only be derived from relativistic generalizations of quantum mechanics the properties mentioned in the last two paragraphs belong to the basic postulates already in the non-relativistic limit.

A basic principle of whether a given dough can be used for mitzva matzo is that doughs that do not have the potential of becoming chametz by simply sitting for 18 minutes cannot be made into mitzva matzo.

The first part of the new structure -- that for supporting the basic program of vocational rehabilitation services -- is described in this Section.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

With this first issue we give you a list of the materials needed to build the basic ( AjA version ) and the expandable ( AjB version ).

But the Russians use gymnastics as the first step in training for all other sports because it provides training in every basic quality except one, endurance.

In their vases were embodied the basic aesthetic and logical characteristics of Greek civilization, at first hesitantly in Protogeometric work, and then more confidently in the initial stages of the Geometric style.

A ( named a, plural aes ) is the first letter and vowel in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

Du Bois ' Black Reconstruction, first published in 1935, historians have noted African American contributions during Reconstruction to founding what were often the first systems of public education and welfare institutions in the South, gave muted praise for Republican efforts to extend suffrage and provide other social institutions, and excoriated Johnson for opposing the extension of basic rights to freedmen.

The concept of an abelian group is one of the first concepts encountered in undergraduate abstract algebra, with many other basic objects, such as a module and a vector space, being its refinements.

The basic shape and configuration of a typical upright bicycle has changed little since the first chain-driven model was developed around 1885.

In the first season of most series of Big Brother, the house that the housemates had to live in was very basic.

" At first only very basic non-specialized digital circuits such as NOR gates were miniaturized into ICs.

The first priority in treatment of a comatose patient is stabilization following the basic ABCs ( standing for airway, breathing, and circulation ).

The good confession has to demonstrate a basic understanding of the main elements-" first principles "-of the faith of the community.

Launched in early 1972 it was unlike the other basic four-function pocket calculators then available in that it was the first pocket calculator with scientific functions that could replace a slide rule.

Korselt was the first who observed the basic properties of Carmichael numbers, but he could not find any examples.

is a novella which uses basic grammar and vocabulary in the first chapter and builds up to expert Esperanto by the end, including word lists so that beginners may easily follow along.

Over 400 PDP-15's were ordered in the first eight months of production, and production eventually amounted to 790 examples in 12 basic models.

The wineskins episode near the end of the interpolated tale " The Curious Impertinent " in chapter 35 of the first part of Don Quixote is a clear reference to Apuleius, and recent scholarship suggests that the moral philosophy and the basic trajectory of Apuleius's novel are fundamental to Cervantes's program.

The second digit is either 0 or 1, with 0 representing a normal somersault, and 1 signifying a " flying " variation of the basic movement ( i. e. the first half somersault is performed in the straight position, and then the pike or tuck shape is assumed ).

A basic objective of the first normal form defined by Codd in 1970 was to permit data to be queried and manipulated using a " universal data sub-language " grounded in first-order logic.

These first elements of the Calculation Critique of Socialism are the most basic element: economic calculation requires the use of money across all goods.

Many of the Articles in Section I are structured in two paragraphs: the first sets out a basic right or freedom ( such as Article 2 ( 1 ) – the right to life ) but the second contains various exclusions, exceptions or limitations on the basic right ( such as Article 2 ( 2 ) – which excepts certain uses of force leading to death ).