The electronic symbol | symbol for a battery in a circuit diagram.

The diagram shows a waveform from a simple class-C circuit without the tuned load.

A popular circuit implementing a second order active R-C filter is the Sallen-Key design, whose schematic diagram is shown here.

Often these pins are left out of the diagram for clarity, and the power configuration is described or assumed from the circuit.

A ladder diagram is a method of drawing control circuits which pre-dates PLCs ; it is also a type of PLC user interface which uses the same method of representing a circuit.

* Quantum circuit diagram

The symbol used for a resistor in a circuit diagram varies from standard to standard and country to country.

The notation to state a resistor's value in a circuit diagram varies, too.

For example, 8k2 in a circuit diagram indicates a resistor value of 8. 2 kΩ.

The use of a SI prefix symbol or the letter ' R ' circumvents the problem that decimal separators tend to ' disappear ' when photocopying a printed circuit diagram.

The circuit diagram of the Model 102 shows the direct connection of the receiver to the line, while the transmitter was induction coupled, with energy supplied by a local battery.

The dial switch in the base interrupted the line current by repeatedly but very briefly disconnecting the line 1 – 10 times for each digit, and the hook switch ( in the center of the circuit diagram ) disconnected the line and the transmitter battery while the handset was on the cradle.

A simple circuit diagram to show the labels of a NPN bipolar transistor.

Wheatstone bridge circuit diagram.

Layered models are also used to allow the user to suppress unwanted information when viewing or printing a document, e. g. roads and / or railways from a map, certain process layers from an integrated circuit diagram, or hand annotations from a business letter.

Each leg is named ( see diagram ), and ATC directs pilots on how to join and leave the circuit.

In an electronic circuit diagram, the layout of the symbols may not resemble the layout in the physical circuit.

The circuit diagram for a 4 bit Transistor-transistor logic | TTL counter, a type of state machine

* Electrical schematic, a wiring diagram of an electrical circuit

Resistors are circuit elements that impede the passage of electric charge in agreement with Ohm's law, and are designed to have a specific resistance value R. In a schematic diagram the resistor is shown as a zig-zag symbol.

Shown on the right is a circuit diagram of a NAND gate in CMOS logic.

From the circuit diagram to the right, according to Kirchoff's Laws and the definition of capacitance:

Ladder logic is a programming language that represents a program by a graphical diagram based on the circuit diagrams of relay logic hardware.

They transformed the square tiling into an equivalent electrical circuit — they called it " Smith diagram " — by considering the squares as resistors that connected to their neighbors at their top and bottom edges, and then applied Kirchhoff's circuit laws and circuit decomposition techniques to that circuit.

All can be connected with the gold circuit from their homes.

If the drift error is systematic, it can be canceled with a bias circuit which can be arranged and adjusted to supply the required compensating current.

If the traffic on a virtual circuit is exceeding its traffic contract, as determined by the GCRA, the network can either drop the cells or mark the Cell Loss Priority ( CLP ) bit ( to identify a cell as potentially redundant ).

It can be a permanent virtual circuit ( PVC ), which is created administratively on the end points, or a switched virtual circuit ( SVC ), which is created as needed by the communicating parties.

Particularly with some lower-priced embossers, it is sometimes necessary to mount the embosser on its own table, as otherwise the vibrations can damage the computer by eventually causing microchips and other components to come loose from the circuit boards.

A class of algorithms called SAT solvers can efficiently solve a large enough subset of SAT instances to be useful in various practical areas such as circuit design and automatic theorem proving, by solving SAT instances made by transforming problems that arise in those areas.

Crystals of BPO < sub > 4 </ sub > can also precipitate from the flowing glass on cooling ; these crystals are not readily etched in the standard reactive plasmas used to pattern oxides, and will result in circuit defects in integrated circuit manufacturing.

Electric current can be directly measured with a galvanometer, but this method involves breaking the electrical circuit, which is sometimes inconvenient.

Current can also be measured without breaking the circuit by detecting the magnetic field associated with the current.

At the circuit level, there are various techniques that can be used to measure current:

This circuit can store one bit, and hence can count from zero to one before it overflows ( starts over from 0 ).

To supply power to an electrical circuit during a power failure, the circuit can draw current from a battery.

The problem with matrix circuits is that, when several notes are pressed at once, the current can flow backwards through the circuit and trigger " phantom keys " that cause " ghost " notes to play.

The components in an electric circuit can take many forms, which can include elements such as resistors, capacitors, switches, transformers and electronics.

The resulting linear circuit matrix can be solved with Gaussian elimination.

The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a ' circuit ' can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of components.

Noise may be electromagnetically or thermally generated, which can be decreased by lowering the operating temperature of the circuit.

Charge flows back and forth between the capacitor's plates through the inductor, so the tuned circuit can store electrical energy oscillating at its resonant frequency.

A resonant circuit by itself is almost an oscillator ; it can store energy in the form of electronic oscillations if excited, but because it has some internal resistance or other losses the oscillations are damped and decline to zero.