During development, engineers had made the decision to use the Zilog 8530 serial controller chip ( SCC ) instead of the lower cost and more common UART to provide serial port connections.

But these needed the infamous TRS-80 expansion interface, which was very expensive, and had a very unreliable floppy disk controller because it used the WD1771 floppy disc controller chip without an external " data separator ".

In addition, Commodore made the drive's controller board smaller and having a lower chip count than the early 1541s ( which had a large PCB with dozens of TTL chips running the length of the case ).

Unlike the case of the 1541 and 1571, the low-level disk format used by the 1581 is similar enough to the MS-DOS format as the 1581 is built around a WD1770 FM / MFM floppy controller chip.

Reading Atari 8-bit 130kB or 180kB disks was possible as well with special software, but the standard Atari 8-bit 90kB format, which used FM rather than MFM encoding, could not be handled by the 1571 hardware without modifying the drive circuitry as the control line that determines if FM or MFM encoding is used by the disc controller chip was permanently wired to ground ( MFM mode ) rather than being under software control.

Only a very few comparable DOSes were stored elsewhere than floppy disks ; among these exceptions were the British BBC Micro's optional Disc Filing System, DFS, offered as a kit with a disk controller chip, a ROM chip, and a handful of logic chips, to be installed inside the computer ; and Commodore's CBM DOS, located in a ROM chip in each disk drive.

* Disc Filing System ( DFS ) This was an optional component for the BBC Micro, offered as a kit with a disk controller chip, a ROM chip, and a handful of logic chips, to be installed inside the computer.

The sound and floppy controller chip, Paula, remained unchanged from the OCS design.

Therefore, to reduce the number of chips required, it included features such as clock generator, interrupt controller, timers, wait state generator, DMA channels, and external chip select lines.

The most unique aspect of the system is its multicore processing node which integrates six MIPS64 cores, a crossbar memory controller, interconnect DMA engine, Gigabit Ethernet and PCI Express controllers all on a single chip which consumes only 10 watts of power, yet has a peak floating point performance of 6 GFLOPs.

The interrupt controller can be as simple as a 74LS148 priority encoder, or may be part of a VLSI peripheral chip such as the MC68901 Multi-Function Peripheral ( used in Atari TT030 ), which also provided a UART, timer, and parallel I / O.

It also allowed two-way multiprocessing and had new power management features as well as an on chip 8259-compatible interrupt controller.

In some models of programmable controller, the program is transferred from a personal computer to the PLC through a programming board which writes the program into a removable chip such as an EEPROM or EPROM.

The SDRAM controller supported 100 MHz SDRAM, and the I / O controller implemented a 32-bit I / O bus that may run at frequencies up to 50 MHz for connecting to peripherals and the SA-1501 companion chip.

The DMA controller chip was included on the PLUS-type memory expansion board for the EX and HX, and on regular ISA memory expansion cards sold by Tandy and other companies for the 1000, 1000A, and 1000HD.

Consider implementing with a microcontroller chip a simple feedback controller:

Many Texas Instruments graphing calculators used the Z80 as the main processor, and the chip found continued use in some game consoles such as the Sega Mega Drive ( Genesis in the United States ) as a dedicated sound controller.

Typically this meant adding a NuBus controller chip between the bus and any I / O chips on the card, increasing costs.

A single I²C / A. b controller chip would be used inside the machine, connected on the motherboard to internal devices like the clock and battery power monitor.

A few early SCSI drives were in fact ST-506 drives with a SCSI to ST-506 controller on the bottom of the drive ; however, most SCSI and all ATA drives had built the controller into the drive, thereby eliminating the ST-506 interface in such models.

RAM could be maxed out to 128 MB, however, if the ROMs were upgraded to those used in the IIx ( or if MODE32 was used ), as the Mac II's memory controller supported higher-density memory modules than did the stock ROM.

This latter term can also be used to refer to the print controller controlling the MFP however.

It has been included in the other sequels and spin-offs, including the SNES version of Gradius III, which actually destroys the player's ship upon entering the original code ( however, substituting and with the and triggers of the SNES controller powers up the ship ), all the way through the most recent iteration of the series, Gradius Rebirth on the Wii, where the Wii Remote's and buttons fill in for and, respectively.

The Joker then kills Batman, when the game over screen appears, it states that Batman should " move the middle stick " to avoid the Jokers shot, however this is scripted as well as there being no " middle stick " on a standard controller, when the player presses restart, Batman bursts out of his grave and begins a third obstacle course while listening to Scarface, the new warden, talk about Arkham Asylum, which, in the dream, is described as a " pioneering slaughterhouse ".

The ST however remained relevant as it was equipped with a MIDI controller and external ports.

The ratings, however, are administered by the television networks themselves, which are responsible for rating their shows, which means that the department acts merely as content controller, acting after the inappropriate content for children has already been aired ( as it happened with Rede Globo's Duas Caras ).

Sega, however, ran into a minor roadblock with the popularity of fighting games with advanced controls, because its controller only featured three action buttons.

Most new games could still be played with the original 3-button controller however, but the company suggested its gamers buy and adopt the new 6-button model.

This, however, is mainly because the force feedback vibration that they provide has become a built-in standard feature in almost every home video game console controller since.

Sometimes, however, a differential controller ( that can also be powered by the DC output of a PV panel ) is used to prevent the operation of the pumps when there is sunlight to power the pump but the collectors are still cooler than the water in storage.

Ladislaus of Naples became a skilled political and military leader, protector and controller of the Papacy of Innocent VII ; however, he earned a bad reputation concerning his personal life.

The above, however, ignores the fact that many DirectInput controllers, such as gamepads with dual analog sticks and racing-wheel controller sets, already map triggers and pedals independently.

XBMC can however offload most of the video decoding process onto graphics hardware controller that supports one of the following types of hardware-accelerated video decoding: Intel's VAAPI, Nvidia's VDPAU, AMD's XvBA, Microsoft's DXVA, Apple's VDADecoder / VideoToolBox, OpenMAX, and Broadcom Crystal HD Enhanced Media Accelerator.

It can also act as a cable modem controller, again with the host providing modulation and demodulation functions, and the card providing decoding and IP routing functionality ; however this feature is rarely used, and depends on the cable provider.

The station's controller, Matthew Bannister, however denied that the failure to include the song was a ban, but merely meant that the song had not been included on the playlist of each week's 60 most regularly featured songs.

If, however, either RT fails to send its status or the expected data or indicates a problem through the setting of error bits in the status word, the bus controller may retry the transmission.

At the time the official word was that Stewart had decided to go into semi-retirement, however he later revealed in his autobiography that he was removed from the afternoon programme by then controller Jim Moir.

Although located within the Ministry of Supply, the controller had direct access to the Prime Minister ; Portal rarely exercised this, however.

A converter is needed to use keyboards / mice in the controller ports ; however, this is fairly easy to achieve because the Xbox uses the standard USB bus.

The Acorn Plus 3 was a hardware module that connected independently of the Plus 1 and provided a double-density 3½ ” disc drive connected through a WD1770 drive controller and an ADFS ROM.

Per a News article on Page # 9 of the October 1984 issue of Acorn User, the Plus 3 was originally destined to have used the Intel 8272 disk controller, ( and not 8271, which were in short supply at the time ).

As Steve Wozniak, the creator of Integer BASIC and the only person who understood it well enough to add floating point features, was busy with the Disk II drive and controller and with Apple DOS, Apple turned to Microsoft, who was the BASIC vendor of choice after their success with Altair BASIC, and licensed a 10 KB assembly language version of BASIC dubbed " Applesoft.

Because the original designer had left the company another employee completely redesigned most of the system, ( adding a display snow remover circuit, true 80 / 64 column text mode support, ( with different size letters for TRS-80 and CP / M mode, so that in TRS-80 mode the full screen was also used, not just a 64x16 portion of the 80x25 screen ) with an improved font set ( adding " gray scale " version of the TRS-80 mozaik graphics and many special PETSCII like characters ), and a more flexible and reliable floppy disk controller and keyboard interface plus many other small improvements ), also an enclosure was developed for the main computer system, ( in the form of a 19-inch rack for the Eurocards ) and for two floppy disk drives and the power supply.

The 360-degree non-centering joystick was touted as offering more control than the eight-way joystick controller offered with the Atari 2600.

Atari Inc. released the Pro-Line Trak-Ball controller for the system, which was used primarily for gaming titles such as Centipede or Missile Command.

The primary controller was ranked the 10th worst video game controller by IGN editor Craig Harris.

Additional improvements were made in Windows Server 2003 R2, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2, and with the release of the latter the domain controller role was renamed Active Directory Domain Services.

A video game controller called the X-SKIN, using this system, was expected to be commercially available by 2010 to help make MMORPGs popular on console systems and ease entry of common data such as a username and password, but announcement of its release was available on the In10did website as of 4 March 2012.

Even though each 1541 had its own on board disk controller and disk operating system, it was not possible for a user to command two 1541 drives to copy a disk ( one drive reading and the other writing ) as with older dual drives like the 4040 and 8050 that were often found with the PET computer, and which the 1541 was backward compatible to ( it could read 4040 disks but not write to them since its internal Operating System was essentially the same ).

They also released it as an Atari-compatible controller called " Video Command " it was also first released without the extra fire button, before that only the downwards plunge motion was connected and acted as the fire button, the pull-up and twist actions weren't connected to anything.

Another approach to hardware support for database management was ICL's CAFS accelerator, a hardware disk controller with programmable search capabilities.