Magnetic refrigeration, or adiabatic demagnetization, is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect, an intrinsic property of magnetic solids.

They subsequently fell from use due to advances in poppet-valve technology, including sodium cooling, and a sleeve-based engine's tendency to burn a lot of lubricating oil or to seize due to lack of it.

It is also possible to use ablative materials in place of the active cooling systems, thereby reducing the complexity, but it appears this relatively modern technique has not been applied to the expanding nozzle technology in known systems.

In India before the invention of artificial refrigeration technology, ice making by nocturnal cooling was common.

Magnetic refrigeration is a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect.

On August 20, 2007, the Risø National Laboratory ( Denmark ) at the Technical University of Denmark, claimed to have reached a milestone in their magnetic cooling research when they reported a temperature span of 8. 7 C. They hope to introduce the first commercial applications of the technology by 2010.

# Atmospheric water generation is a new technology that can provide high quality drinking water by extracting water from the air by cooling the air and thus condensing water vapor.

Perhaps the most common example of purely mechanical thermostat technology in use today is the internal combustion engine cooling system thermostat, used to maintain the engine near its optimum operating temperature by regulating the flow of coolant to an air-cooled radiator.

It incorporates geothermal heating and cooling using closed loop technology for a total of 450 tons cooling capacity.

Case modding is also a popular activity amongst many computer enthusiasts which involves the customization of a computer chassis or the installation of water cooling technology.

This technology is also known as cryogenic cooling and compression ( C3-Technology ).

As a refrigeration technology, Peltier cooling is far less common than vapor-compression refrigeration.

Other OAST-2 accomplishments included 10 freeze and thaw cycles of a new cooling technology for future spacecraft ; spectrometer readings of airglow phenomena in the upper atmosphere with the EISG instrument ; and studies of the Shuttle's interaction with atomic oxygen using the SKIRT instrument.

The technology of liquid cooling has evolved by integrating air cooling technology to maximize the cooling efficiency while compensate the shortcomings of liquid cooling.

This, along with Doppler cooling was the crucial technology needed to achieve the celebrated Bose-Einstein condensation.

And the hours were six-thirty in the morning until eleven at night on Saturdays and during sales, and there were no chairs and you couldn't smoke and the cooling was overhead fans and there was no porter or janitor.

* The current world record was set in 1999 at 100 picokelvins ( pK ), or 0. 000 000 000 1 of a kelvin, by cooling the nuclear spins in a piece of rhodium metal.

In the most common models the Universe was filled homogeneously and isotropically with an incredibly high energy density and huge temperatures and pressures and was very rapidly expanding and cooling.

This was primarily caused by their higher heat output than other x86 CPUs of the day and, as such, computer builders sometimes did not equip them with adequate cooling.

The cooling system was of the free convection type assisted by a fan driven from a pulley mounted at the front end of the crank shaft.

While the rest of Europe was cooling, the area around Gibraltar back then resembled a European Serengeti.

This was initially termed " splat cooling " by doctoral student W. Klement at Caltech, who showed that cooling rates on the order of millions of degrees per second is sufficient to impede the formation of crystals, and the metallic atoms become " locked into " a glassy state.

In glass factories, molten glass was poured onto a large cooling table and allowed to spread.

In 1908, helium was first liquefied by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes by cooling the gas to less than one kelvin.

Ice core records show that before the Holocene there was global warming after the end of the last ice age and cooling periods, but climate changes became more regional at the start of the Younger Dryas.

This was followed by the Little Ice Age, from the 13th or 14th century to the mid 19th century, which was a period of significant cooling, though not everywhere as severe as previous times during neoglaciation.

The climate of the Mesozoic was varied, alternating between warming and cooling periods.

Maxim's other great innovation was the use of water cooling ( via a water jacket around the barrel ) to reduce overheating.

Passive cooling, or a single fan mounted on the power supply, was sufficient for many desktop computer CPUs until the late 1990s ; since then, most have required CPU fans mounted on their heat sinks, due to rising clock speeds and power consumption.

Lowell's books on Mars expanded on this notion of Martian canals, and a standard model of Mars as a drying, cooling, dying world was established.

As the cooling system was almost invariably placed where direct fire wouldn't hit them, the target of choice was the rear deck of a tank ; the burning contents of the bottle would pour through the large cooling grills and ignite fuel, hydraulic fluids and ammunition.

It was called " air-oil cooling ," and used engine oil to take heat away from the jackets around the cylinder barrels.

Paraffin wax phase change cooling coupled with retractable radiators was used to cool the electronics of the Lunar Rover.

Also, the contents of an expanding universe ( to first order ) can be described as an adiabatically cooling fluid.

This phase is the first phase, or " primary phase ," to form in the Al-Fe-Si system during rapid cooling.

It proved to be a complex design, with liquid cooling and oil cooling, and multiple lubrication and carburetor systems, these last gave problems, solved after the first series units.

The first Cray-1 was delayed six months due to problems in the cooling system ; lubricant that is normally mixed with the Freon to keep the compressor running would leak through the seals and eventually coat the boards with oil until they shorted out.

As the gases expand, the central star undergoes a two stage evolution, first growing hotter as it continues to contract and hydrogen fusion reactions occur in the shell around the core and then slowly cooling once the hydrogen shell is exhausted through fusion and mass loss.

Another proposed factor in long term temperature change is the Uplift-Weathering Hypothesis, first put forward by T. C. Chamberlin in 1899 and later independently proposed in 1988 by Maureen Raymo and colleagues, where upthrusting mountain ranges expose minerals to weathering resulting in their chemical conversion to carbonates thereby removing CO < sub > 2 </ sub > from the atmosphere and cooling the earth.

In the foundation legend of a specifically Cean weather-magic ritual, Aristaeus was credited with the double sacrifice that countered the deadly effects of the Dog-Star, a sacrifice at dawn to Zeus Ikmaios, " Rain-making Zeus " at a mountaintop altar following a pre-dawn chthonic sacrifice to Sirius, the Dog-Star, at its first annual appearance, which brought the annual relief of the cooling Etesian winds.

Their use as particle detectors was proposed from the beginning of the 20th century, but the first regular, though pioneering, use was only in the 1980s because of the difficulty associated with cooling and operating a system at cryogenic temperature.

The first step is to stop neuroleptic drugs and treat the hyperthermia aggressively, such as with cooling blankets or ice packs to the axillae and groin.

The first effective drag reducing cowling that didn't impair engine cooling was the British Townend ring or " drag ring " which formed a narrow band around the engine covering the cylinder heads, not only reducing drag, but adding a small amount of thrust.

The initial version of the GeForce FX ( the 5800 ) was one of the first cards to come equipped with a large dual-slot cooling solution.

The term radiative cooling is generally used for contemporary processes, though the same general principles apply to the cooling of the planet over geological time, which was first used by Kelvin to estimate the age of the Earth ( though you cannot neglect the fission heat source for this purpose, so his answer was wrong ).

The first example of laser cooling, and also still the most common method of laser cooling ( so much so that it is still often referred to simply as ' laser cooling ') is Doppler cooling.

The result was the world's first so-called ecological skyscraper: besides the use of ' sky-gardens ', environmentally friendly technologies were employed to reduce energy required for heating and cooling.

Magnetic refrigeration was the first method developed for cooling below about 0. 3 K ( a temperature attainable by < sup > 3 </ sup > He refrigeration, that is pumping on the < sup > 3 </ sup > He vapors ).

Major advances first appeared in the late 1920s when cooling via adiabatic demagnetization was independently proposed by two scientists, Peter Debye in 1926 and William Giauque in 1927.