In early 1776, Thomas Paine argued in the closing pages of the first edition of Common Sense that the “ custom of nations ” demanded a formal declaration of American independence if any European power were to mediate a peace between the Americans and Great Britain.

The custom of setting apart a special day for intercession for certain of the faithful on November 2 was first established by St. Odilo of Cluny ( d. 1048 ) at his abbey of Cluny in 998.

Abdülhamid was imprisoned for most of the first forty-two years of his life by his cousins Mahmud I and Osman III and his older brother Mustafa III, as was custom.

In the UK, it was a custom for tradesmen to collect " Christmas boxes " of money or presents on the first weekday after Christmas as thanks for good service throughout the year.

One of the earliest articulations of the anthropological meaning of the term " culture " came from Sir Edward Tylor who writes on the first page of his 1897 book: “ Culture, or civilization, taken in its broad, ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society .” The term " civilization " later gave way to definitions by V. Gordon Childe, with culture forming an umbrella term and civilization becoming a particular kind of culture.

In 1933, Cessna CR-3 custom racer took its first flight.

Although this originally had been planned when Commodore first switched from the parallel IEEE-488 interface to a custom serial interface, hardware bugs in the VIC-20's 6522 VIA shift register prevented it from working properly.

In some custom millwork ( or with some master carpenters ), the manufacture or installer will bevel the leading edge ( the first edge to meet the jamb as the door is closing ) so that the door fits tight without binding.

When the 4GL was first introduced, a disparate mix of hardware and operating systems mandated custom application development support that was specific to the system in order to ensure sales.

This canon did no more than confirm earlier legislation and custom, and has been often but wrongly, quoted as commanding for the first time the use of sacramental confession.

In his first public controversy in 1522, he attacked the custom of fasting during Lent.

Edgerton worked with the undersea explorer Jacques Cousteau, by first providing him with custom designed underwater photographic equipment featuring electronic flash, and then by developing sonar techniques used to discover the Britannic.

In May 1883, the 13-year-old Mohandas was married to 14-year-old Kasturbai Makhanji ( her first name was usually shortened to " Kasturba ", and affectionately to " Ba ") in an arranged child marriage, according to the custom of the region.

The first being a timeless match ( as was the custom in those days ) that commenced on 30 December.

At first the jury used to give answers both on law and fact ; and being a purely local body, they followed local custom.

It would have suited custom if the first of Ptolemy's family to become a citizen ( whether he or an ancestor ) took the nomen from a Roman called Claudius who was responsible for granting citizenship.

" Can you be ignorant ," writes Julius, " that this is the custom, that we should be written to first, so that from here what is just may be defined " ( Epistle of Julius to Antioch, c. xxii ).

At first the Eastern Roman Emperor Michael II showed himself tolerant towards the image-worshippers, and their great champion, Theodore the Studite, wrote to him to exhort him " to unite us Church of Constantinople to the head of the Churches of God, Rome, and through it with the three Patriarchs " and to refer any doubtful points to the decision of Old Rome in accordance with ancient custom.

QTest also gave gamers their first peek into the filesystem and modifiability of the Quake engine, and many entity mods ( that placed monsters in the otherwise empty multiplayer maps ) and custom player skins began appearing online before the full game was even released.

The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards ( CJLS ) is the movement's central body on interpreting Jewish law and custom ; it was founded by the Rabbinical Assembly in 1927, with Max Drob as its first head.

The first record of a Robin Hood game was in 1426 in Exeter, but the reference does not indicate how old or widespread this custom was at the time.

The religious practice is mentioned for the first time by Natronai ben Hilai, Gaon of the Academy of Sura in Babylonia, in 853 C. E., who describes it as a custom of the Babylonian Jews and further explained by Jewish scholars in the ninth century by that since the Hebrew word geber ( Gever ) means both " man " and " rooster " the rooster may act or serve as a palpable substitute as a religious vessel in place of the man with the practice also having been as a custom of the Persian Jews.

The fifth and last king of Ebla during this period was Ebrium's son, Ibbi-Zikir, the first to succeed in a dynastic line, thus breaking with the established Eblaite custom of electing its ruler for a fixed term of office, lasting seven years.

A casual salute by an aircraft, somewhat akin to waving to a friend, is the custom of " waggling " the wings by partially rolling the aircraft first to one side, and then the other.

In 1865 – 66 William Robert Hicks was mayor of Bodmin, when he revived the custom of Beating the bounds of the town.

Minute descriptions of Hebron were recorded in Stephen von Gumpenberg ’ s Journal ( 1449 ), by Felix Fabri ( 1483 ) and by Mejr ed-Din It was in this period, also, that the Mamluk Sultan Qa ' it Bay revived the old custom of the Hebron " table of Abraham ," and exported it as a model for his own madrasa in Medina.

Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the 10th century, perceivably as an " appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans.

Under Augustus, however, this custom had been revived and applied to cover slander or libellous writings as well, eventually leading to a long cycle of trials and executions under such emperors as Tiberius, Caligula and Nero, spawning entire networks of informers that terrorized Rome's political system for decades.

On Thursday 21 May 2009, the choir revived an ancient custom of processing to Bartlemas Chapel for a ceremony and then on to the location of an ancient spring.

In 1924, King George VI recommended that the old custom of identifying villages with carved or painted name signs could be revived.

The custom had almost died out altogether by the early years of the 20th century, but was revived in the 1920s and 1930s largely through the efforts of the Shimwell family of Tideswell.

The custom has since been revived in numerous villages and small towns in Derbyshire, Staffordshire, South Yorkshire, Cheshire, and even as far afield as Much Wenlock in Shropshire and Malvern in Worcester.

Another boost to the tradition was the Festival of Britain ; in villages like Wormhill where the custom appears to have ceased in the late 18th century, it was revived as part of the Festival of Britain, and has continued nearly every year since.

Ringing the bachîn ( a large brass preserving pan ) at midsummer to frighten away evil spirits survived as a custom on some farms until the 1940s and has been revived as a folk performance in the 21st century.

Balfour revived the custom that Number 10 is the First Lord and Prime Minister's official residence.

The Roman custom of building a handsome fountain at the endpoint of an aqueduct that brought water to Rome was revived in the 15th century, with the Renaissance.

The kings of France continued the custom until Louis XV stopped it in the 18th century, though it was briefly revived to universal derision in 1825.

The major themes of her plays ; including her first, The Runaway ( 1776 ), and her major hit which is being revived, The Belle's Stratagem ( 1780 ); revolve around marriage and how women strive to overcome the injustices imposed by family life and social custom.

Summertime festivals called aussivik have become an important part of modern Greenlandic culture, and are based on an older custom that was revived in the 20th century along with drum dances and other elements.

The levirate custom was revived if there were shaky economic conditions in the deceased ’ s family.

A constructivist approach states that the tradition was used on occasion, weakened or lapsed sometimes, and was sometimes revived to full effect after some unfortunate disputes-and that the custom started in time immemorial as Ethiopian common inheritance pattern allowed all agnates to also succeed to the lands of the monarchy-which however is contrary to keeping the country undivided.

He also revived the custom of ringing church bells at 3 p. m. on Fridays, in remembrance of the Crucifixion.

While encouraging his female students to practice natural childbirth and to breast-feed, practices which were not widely adhered to in the early 1970s, Singh also revived the ancient Indian custom of celebrating the arrival of the new soul at the one hundred twentieth day of pregnancy.

The fair, which in times past was a leading horse market and amusement fair, had been revived but the old-time custom of roasting a ram was replaced once during an event in the 1960s with a ' badger roast '.

This custom died out in the early nineteenth century, but was revived by Bishop Jenkins in 1984, the Mayor of Darlington doing the honours.

After cremation was discontinued, the Sekani revived an old custom, probably never entirely abandoned, of covering the dead man with the brush hut that had sheltered him during his last days and then deserting the locality for a period.

The custom of Wrenboys is mostly associated with Ireland, but it has been recently revived in England.

The custom was likewise revived in Burgos, Spain, where the boy-bishop feast had been extremely popular before the cathedral choir was closed in the 1930s.