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divergence and no
In light of the physical interpretation, a vector field with constant zero divergence is called incompressible or solenoidal – in this case, no net flow can occur across any closed surface.
Because of the incompleteness of the fossil record, there is usually no way to know exactly how close a transitional fossil is to the point of divergence.
Near the beam " waist " ( or focal region ) it is highly collimated: the wavefronts are planar, normal to the direction of propagation, with no beam divergence at that point.
Conversely, Elijah Delmedigo ( c. 1458 – c. 1493 ), in his Bechinat ha-Dat endeavored to show that the Zohar could not be attributed to Shimon bar Yochai, arguing that if it were his work, the Zohar would have been mentioned by the Talmud, as has been the case with other works of the Talmudic period, that had bar Yochai known by divine revelation the hidden meaning of the precepts, his decisions on Jewish law from the Talmudic period would have been adopted by the Talmud, that it would not contain the names of rabbis who lived at a later period than that of Simeon ; and that if the Kabbalah was a revealed doctrine, there would have been no divergence of opinion among the Kabbalists concerning the mystic interpretation of the precepts.
The study revealed no unique mitochondrial DNA haplotypes for subspecific status but did indicate the deep lineage divergence between Central and South American populations.
Until 1866 the policy of the United States was consistently for inter oceanic canals open equally to all nations, and unequivocally neutralized ; indeed, until 1880 there was practically no official divergence from this policy.
A perfectly collimated beam with no divergence cannot be created due to diffraction, but light can be approximately collimated by a number of processes, for instance by means of a collimator.
Because of the incompleteness of the fossil record, there is usually no way to know exactly how close a transitional fossil is to the point of divergence.
Some contend that new growth theory has proven no more successful than exogenous growth theory in explaining the income divergence between the developing and developed worlds ( despite usually being more complex ).
Note that there is no reliable estimate of divergence time, as Otus and Megascops are osteologically very similar, as is to be expected from a group that has apparently conserved its ecomorphology since before its evolutionary radiation.
The pulsed light exits the end face with a smaller beam width and no divergence.
In 1913 it was said " It is probable that in no northern city is the divergence between classes so marked as it is becoming in Manchester.
Their restriction ( among the primates ) to great apes leads to the hypothesis that they developed no earlier than 15-20 million years ago, prior to the divergence of orangutans from the African great apes.
A recent decision by the American Ornithologists ' Union Check-list Committee elevated some populations of the Mexican Jay to a separate species, called the Transvolcanic Jay ( A. ultramarina ), based on diagnosable phenotypic differences in plumage and morphology, millions of years of genetic divergence, and no evidence for interbreeding with Mexican Jays.
Just like the wing-pattern of the Palearctic butterflies has little evidence of divergence, the host plant use of these species also shows no sign of divergence.
conducted a study of 29 lesbian couples that showed no evidence of synchrony, and tentative evidence towards divergence of menstrual cycles.
::" The People are in no disagreement that a fundamental right of personal decision exists ; the divergence of the parties focuses on what subjects fall within its protection, the People contending that it extends to only two aspects of sexual behavior-marital intimacy ( by virtue of the Supreme Court's decision in Griswold ) and procreative choice ( by reason of Eisenstadt and Roe v.
In 1978, the High Court declared that it was no longer bound by decisions of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the last appeals to the Privy Council were abolished by the Australia Acts of 1986, and there is now a measure of divergence between the two common law systems.
Unlike the English Springer Spaniel and English Cocker Spaniel, there is no divergence into show and field types of the breed.

divergence and physical
In physical terms, the divergence of a three dimensional vector field is the extent to which the vector field flow behaves like a source or a sink at a given point.
Vector fields can usefully be thought of as representing the velocity of a moving flow in space, and this physical intuition leads to notions such as the divergence ( which represents the rate of change of volume of a flow ) and curl ( which represents the rotation of a flow ).
Other technical problems include finding off-shell closure of the constraint algebra and physical inner product vector space, coupling to matter fields of Quantum field theory, fate of the renormalization of the graviton in perturbation theory that lead to ultraviolet divergence beyond 2-loops ( see One-loop Feynman diagram in Feynman diagram ).
A prognostic variable is a variable that a global climate model predicts by integration of a physical equation, typically vorticity, divergence, temperature, surface pressure, and water vapour concentration.
In physics, an infrared divergence or infrared catastrophe is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with very small energy approaching zero, or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very long distances.
In physics, an ultraviolet divergence is a situation in which an integral, for example a Feynman diagram, diverges because of contributions of objects with very high energy ( approaching infinity ), or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very short distances.

divergence and problem
The same divergence also presented a problem for the International Organization for Standardization ( Organisation internationale de normalisation ) at its founding in 1947 ; it settled on the short name ISO as a compromise between IOS and OIN.
This is, of course, an example of a mathematical difficulty ( divergence to infinity of the density ) which reveals a more profound problem in our understanding of the relevant physics involved in the process.
The most disconcerting problem was longitudinal instability ( divergence ), because as the angle of attack of a wing increased, the center of pressure moved forward and made the angle increase more.
The early divergence of the humandolphin ancestry line creates a problem in what cognitive tasks to test for because human / dolphin brains have been naturally selected so differently, with completely different cognitive abilities favoring their very different environments.
When it came to deriving the electromagnetic wave equation from displacement current in his 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, he got around the problem of the non-zero divergence associated with Gauss's law and dielectric displacement by eliminating the Gauss term and deriving the wave equation exclusively for the solenoidal magnetic field vector.
The divergence problem is the disagreement between the temperatures measured by the thermometers ( instrumental temperatures ) on one side, and the temperatures reconstructed from the latewood density or width of tree rings on the other side, at many treeline sites in northern forests.
Properties of the continuum problem commonly imitated by numerical methods are conservation laws, solution symmetries, and fundamental identities and theorems of vector and tensor calculus like the divergence theorem.
This " divergence problem " was solved in the case of quantum electrodynamics during the late 1940s and early 1950s by Hans Bethe, Tomonaga, Schwinger, Feynman, and Dyson, through the procedure known as renormalization.
In the late 1970s, DARPA began investigating the use of newer composite materials to avoid the problem of reduced divergence speed through aeroelastic tailoring.

divergence and .
The wide divergence of reactions is clearly illustrated in the Kinsey studies in human sexuality.
It also appears that divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fish.
Molecular analysis suggests that the frog – salamander divergence took place considerably earlier than the palaeontological evidence indicates.
Genetically speaking, the aardvark is a living fossil, as its chromosomes are highly conserved, reflecting much of the early eutherian arrangement before the divergence of the major modern taxa.
According to Steven H Silver, alternate history requires three things: 1 ) the story must have a point of divergence from the history of our world prior to the time at which the author is writing, 2 ) a change that would alter history as it is known, and 3 ) an examination of the ramifications of that change.
Osiander's divergence from Luther's doctrine of justification by faith involved him in a violent quarrel with Philip Melanchthon, who had adherents in Königsberg, and these theological disputes soon created an uproar in the town.
# Rapid speciation: presence of one or more bursts in the emergence of new species around the time that ecological and phenotypic divergence is underway.
This divergence between American English and British English once caused George Bernard Shaw to say that the United States and United Kingdom are " two countries divided by a common language "; a similar comment is ascribed to Winston Churchill.
This life style probably evolved at the time of the divergence of dinoflagellates and apicomplexans.
* One central point of divergence is Steiner's views on reincarnation and karma.
A discussion about the methods of the political use of technology in the creation of a super-bomb began the ideological divergence between Andrei Sakharov and Nikita Khrushchev.
If the assets used are not identical ( so a price divergence makes the trade temporarily lose money ), or the margin treatment is not identical, and the trader is accordingly required to post margin ( faces a margin call ), the trader may run out of capital ( if they run out of cash and cannot borrow more ) and go bankrupt even though the trades may be expected to ultimately make money.
In 1898, Jacques Hadamard noted general divergence of trajectories in spaces of negative curvature.
Since Pope Leo XIII issued the bull Apostolicae Curae in 1896, the Catholic Church has insisted that Anglican orders are invalid because of changes in the Anglican ordination rites of the 16th century and divergence in understanding of the theology of priesthood, episcopacy and Eucharist.
Pre-Angkorian Khmer, the language after its divergence from Proto-Mon – Khmer until the ninth century, is only known from words and phrases in Sanskrit texts of the era.
Several analyses of bird fossils show divergence of species prior to the K – T boundary, and that duck, chicken and ratite bird relatives coexisted with non-avian dinosaurs.
Unlike the gradient and divergence, curl does not generalize as simply to other dimensions ; some generalizations are possible, but only in three dimensions is the geometrically defined curl of a vector field again a vector field.
As to his paschal cycle he says: " I am not the author of this divergence.
However, studies of mitochondrial DNA show that the divergence between each of the three chipmunk groups is comparable to the genetic dissimilarity between Marmota and Spermophilus.
This is in analogy to electrostatics, in which the electric field ( E-field ) has a vanishing curl and the magnetic field ( B-field ) has a vanishing divergence.
Owing respectively to Green's theorem and the divergence theorem, such a field is necessarily conserved and free from sources or sinks, having net flux equal to zero through any open domain.
In vector calculus, divergence is a vector operator that measures the magnitude of a vector field's source or sink at a given point, in terms of a signed scalar.
More technically, the divergence represents the volume density of the outward flux of a vector field from an infinitesimal volume around a given point.
Therefore the divergence of the velocity field in that region would have a positive value, as the region is a source.

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