It also appears that divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fish.

Molecular analysis suggests that the frog – salamander divergence took place considerably earlier than the palaeontological evidence indicates.

Because tools are used extensively by both humans and wild chimpanzees, it is widely assumed that the first routine use of tools took place prior to the divergence between the two species.

A molecular phylogeny based on rDNA analysis dating from 2005 suggests that salamanders and caecilians are more closely related to each other than they are to frogs and that the divergence of the three groups took place in the Paleozoic or early Mesozoic before the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea and soon after their divergence from the lobe-finned fish.

It was widely supported in the Edinburgh and London schools of higher anatomy around 1830, notably by Robert Edmond Grant, but was opposed by Karl Ernst von Baer's embryology of divergence in which embryonic parallels only applied to early stages where the embryo took a general form, after which more specialised forms diverged from this shared unity in a branching pattern.

During the 15th to 18th centuries, a " great divergence " took place, comprising the European Renaissance, age of discovery, the formation of the colonial empires, the Age of Reason and the associated leap forward in technology, and the development of capitalism and early industrialisation.

Inglis Clark took the view that the possibility of divergence was a good thing, for the law could adapt appropriately to Australian circumstances.

Most divergence of local Cyprinodon species likely took place during the early-to-mid Pleistocene, a time when pluvial lakes intermittently filled the now-desert region, though some may have occurred during the last 10, 000 years.

Interestingly, faced with a similar ( though smaller ) divergence between exit polling and election returns, he took the opposite stance in a 2004 article in The Hill when he suspected " foul play " on the part of the exit pollsters in the US presidential race.

The divergence between the Bare-faced and Black Curassow lineages apparently took place around the Uquian-Ensenadan boundary, some 1. 5 mya.

The most recent event took place before the divergence of the Arabidopsis and Brassica lineages, 25 – 40 mya.

With the club in 5th place and having only lost once in its previous eleven games, Coleman resigned as manager on 16 January 2008, citing a divergence in vision for the club with newly elected President Iñaki Badiola.

However, rather than follow What if tradition of using a divergence from a specific plot point, Volume 4 more closely resembled the DC Comics equivalent, Elseworlds which presents stories that are continuities based on alternative versions ( in time or place ) of DC Comic's canon.

These theories allow for divergence to take place and for weather systems to then develop.

Another divergence from the manga takes place here when Emeraldas states that there are five Cosmo Dragoons in existence ( hers and the ones owned by Tochiro, Captain Harlock, Tetsuro and Maetel ), whereas in the manga there are only four.

Unlike its Marvel Comics counterpart What If ...?, which bases its stories on a single point of divergence from the regular continuity, most Elseworlds stories instead take place in entirely self-contained continuities, with the only connection to the canon DC continuity being the presence of familiar DC characters.

nonetheless, the divergence of this species ' lineages seems to have taken place too recently to award them species status, as compared to the level of genetic divergence at which clades are usually considered distinct species.

According to Abramovitz, these prerequisites must be in place in an economy before catch-up growth can occur, and explain why there is still divergence in the world today.

Their molecular data place Laonastes robustly as a sister clade of Ctenodactylidae, and support an ancient divergence during the Lutetian ( Early / Middle Eocene, ~ 44 mya ).

This historical reconstruction accords best with the observed levels of divergence within the family, whereby the most divergent languages are found furthest west ( since they constitute the earliest branchings during eastern migration ), and the shallowest subgroupings are found furthest to the east ( Eastern Algonquian, and arguably Core Central ).

found that even in the more genetically diverse eastern phylogroup, the degree of genetic divergence was below thresholds considered sufficient for subspecies differentiation.

Convection increased across the area due to moisture from the eastern Pacific Ocean and moderate divergence.

If the assets used are not identical ( so a price divergence makes the trade temporarily lose money ), or the margin treatment is not identical, and the trader is accordingly required to post margin ( faces a margin call ), the trader may run out of capital ( if they run out of cash and cannot borrow more ) and go bankrupt even though the trades may be expected to ultimately make money.

If we use a cylindrical coordinate system with basis vectors, then the gradient of and the divergence of are given by

Osiander's divergence from Luther's doctrine of justification by faith involved him in a violent quarrel with Philip Melanchthon, who had adherents in Königsberg, and these theological disputes soon created an uproar in the town.

Several analyses of bird fossils show divergence of species prior to the K – T boundary, and that duck, chicken and ratite bird relatives coexisted with non-avian dinosaurs.

In light of the physical interpretation, a vector field with constant zero divergence is called incompressible or solenoidal – in this case, no net flow can occur across any closed surface.

In spherical coordinates, with the angle with the z axis and the rotation around the z axis, the divergence reads

If a vector field F with zero divergence is defined on a ball in R < sup > 3 </ sup >, then there exists some vector field G on the ball with F = curl ( G ).

Note however that working with the current two form itself and the exterior derivative is usually easier than working with the vector field and divergence, because unlike the divergence, the exterior derivative commutes with a change of ( curvilinear ) coordinate system.

The divergence can be defined on any manifold of dimension n with a volume form ( or density ) e. g. a Riemannian or Lorentzian manifold.

On a Riemannian or Lorentzian manifold the divergence with respect to the metric volume form

Paradoxically, it is possible to reduce the divergence of a laser beam by first expanding it with one convex lens, and then collimating it with a second convex lens whose focal point is coincident with that of the first lens.

Continuing the divergence from rock and roll and blues begun by his work with Farthingale, Bowie joined forces with Finnigan, Christina Ostrom and Barrie Jackson to run a folk club on Sunday nights at the Three Tuns pub in Beckenham High Street.

By constructing a calibration curve of the ID of species ' pairs with known divergence times in the fossil record, the data could be used as a molecular clock to estimate the times of divergence of pairs with poorer or unknown fossil records.

Although they differ greatly in appearance and ecology, their genetic divergence of 0. 3 % indicates that the ancestors of the two forms might have diverged as recently as 150, 000 years ago.

It is possibly ( though not certainly ) a little closer related to Cacatua than the Galah, and its lineage diverged around the time of or shortly after the acquisition of the long crest – probably the former as this crest type is not found in all Cacatua cockatoos and therefore must have been present in an early or incipient stage at the time of the divergence of the Major Mitchell's Cockatoo's ancestors.

Despite the archaic features, these specimens were argued to represent the direct ancestors of modern Homo sapiens sapiens which, according to the " recent African origin ( RAO )" or " out of Africa " model, developed shortly after this period ( Khoisan mitochondrial divergence dated not later than 110, 000 BCE ) in Eastern Africa.

Within the well-supported clade of the genus Gyps which includes Asian, African, and European populations, it has been determined that this species is basal with the other species being more recent in their species divergence.

The greater subspecies diversity in the red-billed species arises from an early divergence of the Asian and geographically isolated Ethiopian races from the western forms.

Most of the remaining Asian species are more recent in their divergence and speciation.