While accompanying Mallowan on countless archaeological trips ( spending up to 3 – 4 months at a time in Syria and Iraq at excavation sites at Ur, Ninevah, Tell Arpachiyah, Chagar Bazar, Tell Brak, and Nimrud ), Christie not only wrote novels and short stories, but also contributed work to the archaeological sites, more specifically to the archaeological restoration and labeling of ancient exhibits which includes tasks such as cleaning and conserving delicate ivory pieces, reconstructing pottery, developing photos from early excavations which later led to taking photographs of the site and its findings, and taking field notes.

The richest grave of all was explored at Vaphio in Laconia in 1889, and yielded, besides many gems and miscellaneous goldsmiths ' work, two golden goblets chased with scenes of bull-hunting, and certain broken vases painted in a large bold style which remained an enigma until the excavation of Knossos.

Shoring of temporary excavations frequently requires a wall design which does not extend laterally beyond the wall, so shoring extends below the planned base of the excavation.

Walers are structural elements which connect across the excavation so that the loads from the soil on either side of the excavation are used to resist each other, or which transfer horizontal loads from the shoring wall to the base of the excavation.

One of the most famous and complete hominid skeletons ever discovered was the 1. 6 million year old Homo erectus known as the Turkana Boy which was found by Kamoya Kimeu in 1984 on an excavation led by Richard Leakey.

Cultivation of azuki beans dates back to ancient times according to an excavation from Odong-ri, Hoeryong, North Hamgyong Province, which is assumed to be that of Mumun period ( approximately 1500-300 BCE ).

Here, they combined Wright's interest in ceramic typology in the best Albright tradition with Kenyon's methods of excavation, which allowed the isolation of clear, stratigraphically determined pottery assemblages ".

Mineral sources are generally divided into surface mines, which are mined by excavation using heavy equipment, and subsurface mines.

The excavation discovered the following items in the two pits which formed a " T ": (# 1 ) remains of 46 human bones fragments ; (# 2 ) bullet jackets from short barrel guns / pistols ; (# 3 ) wooden boxes which had deteriorated into fragments: (# 4 ) pieces of ceramic which appear to be amphoras which were used as containers for acid ; (# 5 ) iron nails ; (# 6 ) iron angles: (# 7 ) seven fragments of teeth ; (# 8 ) fragment of fabric of a garment.

After the discovery and excavation of these monuments and associated stone slabs by Russian archaeologists in the wider area surrounding the Orkhon Valley between 1889 and 1893, it became established that the language on the inscriptions was the Old Turkic language written using the Orkhon script, which has also been referred to as " Turkic runes " or " runiform " due to a superficial similarity to the Germanic runic alphabets.

It used some large natural caves which were increased in size by excavation and then sealed to store large volumes of air which could then be routed through the wind tunnels.

He undertook his first major excavation in England at Aylesford in Kent in 1887 when he excavated an Iron Age cemetery which later became the type site of the Aylesford Swarling culture which included the first wheel-made pottery in Britain, often connected with the ‘ Belgae ’.

For example, the excavation of one of the cemeteries, at Rookery Hill at Bishopstone, East Sussex, yielded late Roman or insular Roman metalwork including a Quoit Brooch Style buckle, which would indicate settlement here to the early 5th century.

In 2010, during an excavation at the Sibudu Cave in South Africa, led by Professor Lyn Wadley from the University of the Witwatersrand, researchers discovered the earliest direct evidence of human-made arrowheads: 64, 000-year-old stone points which may have been shot from a bow.

Archaeological excavation and preservation also continued successfully in this period, and several major discoveries, such as that of the Terracotta Army and the Mawangdui tombs occurred during the Revolution, and were duly protected from any potential damage.

When it is not possible to proceed in an ideal manner, the excavation must be continued in a more arbitrary way, with temporary sections, until discernible stratigraphy is again encountered.

They continued the excavation down to approximately 90 feet ( 27. 43 m ) and found layers of logs or " marks " about every ten feet ( 3 m ) and layers of charcoal, putty and coconut fibre at 40, 50 and 60 feet ( 12, 15 and 18 m ).

Excavation was continued in a more limited way by Dörpfeld between 1908 and 1929 but a new systematic excavation was begun in 1936 on the occasion of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin under Emil Kunze and Hans Schleif.

Between 1952 and 1966, Kunze and Schleif continued the excavation joined by architect Alfred Mallwitz.

In 1928 the Italian Archaeological School began a systematic excavation of the area together with restoration work which continued until the end of the 2nd World War.

Kostrzewski became professor of prehistory at the newly founded University of Poznań in 1919, and from 1934 conducted the excavation of the Iron Age settlement of Biskupin, which he continued after the war.

Senenmut's Theban Tomb 71 was started late in Year 7, " shortly after Hatshepsut's accession, the death of Hatnofer, and Hatnofer's internment with the exhumed remains of several family members ", while the " excavation on the chapel seems to have continued until after Year 7 " of the female pharaoh's reign.

The Iraqi Directorate-General of Antiquities has continued to do some excavation around the ziggurat as part of a restoration project under Saddam Hussein during the 1970s that had reconstructed the lowest stage of the structure.

There was a pause in excavation during World War II, but after the war Dr. R. Broom continued excavations.

Bertemes and Biehl have continued the excavation for a few weeks each year.

The Heshbon Expedition continued with excavation seasons through 1976.

The roof was then constructed over these piles from ground level during a series of staged road closures, and once this was completed the excavation of the booking hall could be carried out underneath, while road traffic continued overhead.

Through close cooperation with the government of Tajikistan, Marshak ensured the protection and continued excavation of the Panjakent ruins.

This continued from the time of Justinian into the middle Byzantine period, as shown from a 10th-century excavation in Sebaste in Phrygia, which uncovered a marble templon whose epistyle is covered with busts of saints.

A continuing impact of both the former Pinecastle AAF / Pinecastle AFB / McCoy Air Force Base and the former Orlando AAB is the continued excavation of unspent ammunition, including small practice bombs, aerial rockets and machine gun rounds from the World War II era in the areas northeast of the current Orlando International Airport and east and southeast of the current Orlando Executive Airport.

His nephew Joseph Déchelette, whom he introduced to excavation, continued the work until 1907, comparing Bibracte to other sites in Europe such as Strakonice in Bohemia, Manching in Germany and Velem-Zenst-Vid in Hungary, which were precursors of the cultural unification of the Celtic world and of the civilization of oppida.

In 1915, archaeological excavation was begun there by the French and it continued through into the 1920s.

In 1957 the excavation of Hacilar began under Mellaart's direction and continued until 1960.

This project started as an experiment in adult education, but with the help of over a hundred local volunteers it grew into a complete and rigorous excavation that continued for nine years.

According to archaeological surveys and excavation, Kermanshah area has been occupied by prehistoric people since the Lower Paleolithic period, and continued to later Paleolithic periods till late Pleistocene period.

No such nuclear excavation has since been undertaken by the US, though the Soviet Union continued to pursue the concept through their program Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy.

" Natural selection can act only by the preservation and accumulation of infinitesimally small inherited modifications, each profitable to the preserved being ; and as modern geology has almost banished such views as the excavation of a great valley by a single diluvial wave, so will natural selection, if it be a true principle, banish the belief of the continued creation of new organic beings, or of any great and sudden modification in their structure.

They asked the National Park Service archeologist Joe Caldwell and two more workers to join them for the next two months as they continued excavation.

In 2000, an excavation focusing on ancient ruins on Nelson's Island under Italian archaeologist Paolo Gallo uncovered a number of graves that date from the battle, as well as others buried there during the 1801 invasion.

Latest findings in the Kerameikos include the excavation of a 2. 1 m tall Kouros, unearthed by the German Archaeological Institute at Athens under the direction of Professor Wolf-Dietrich Niemeier.

There is also a site currently under excavation at Links of Noltland on Westray that appears to have similarities to Skara Brae.

Fleet, prompting an excavation campaign under Sir John Hubert Marshall in 1921 – 22 and resulting in the discovery of the civilization at Harappa by Sir John Marshall, Rai Bahadur Daya Ram Sahni and Madho Sarup Vats, and at Mohenjo-daro by Rakhal Das Banerjee, E. J. H. MacKay, and Sir John Marshall.

The remains of the ship were buried under landfill when the shoreline was extended starting in 1797, and were discovered during excavation work in 1916.

During the excavation for the royal tomb house for King George III under the Wolsey tomb-house in 1810-1813 two lead coffins clearly labelled as George Plantagenet and Mary Plantagenet were discovered and moved into the adjoining vault of Edward IV's but at the time no effort was made to identify the two lead coffins already in the vault.

In December 2006, Italian archeologists announced that an excavation under a shrine near the Palatine Hill had unearthed several items in wooden boxes, which they identified as the imperial regalia, possibly belonging to Maxentius.

Section 10 covers construction, excavation, or deposition of materials in, over, or under such waters, or any work that would affect the course, location, condition or capacity of those waters.

The site, named after John Topper, a local resident who discovered it, has been under excavation by archeologists from the University of South Carolina for about one month a year since 1999, after an initial exploratory dig in the mid-1980s.

But the excavation by Carlo Fea, who began clearing the debris from the Arch of Septimius Severus in 1803, and archaeologists under the Napoleonic regime marked the beginning of clearing the Forum, which was only fully excavated in the early 20th century.

* A building or structure, cave or excavation which is above or below the surface of the land ; or on / under the sea bed within UK territorial waters ( or a site that contains the remains of one )

The first widespread investigation of hill forts was carried out in the second half of the 19th century under the direction of Augustus Pitt-Rivers, but it was not until the 1930s that Maiden Castle was methodically investigated, the first large-scale excavation of the interior of a hill fort.

His brother Andrea introduced him to Latin and the ancient civilization, and later he studied as an architect under his uncle, Matteo Lucchesi, who was Magistrato delle Acque, a Venetian engineer who specialized in excavation.

Note the excavation under the door and the unfinished exterior

Archaeological excavation into Seahenge began in October 1998, under the leadership of site director Mark Brennand with the Norfolk Archaeological Unit ; they however found it to be a particularly difficult site to excavate because being on a beach, the incoming and outgoing tide meant that they could only excavate in their trial trenches for between one and four hours each day.

Following the trial excavation, English Heritage decided that whilst it would be very expensive, it would be worth financing a full excavation of the site, because it had begun to suffer from erosion after parts of it had been exposed to the oxygen in the air and the salt in the brine after millennia of being buried under the mud.

However, as the central tree stump was being pulled out by a digger, a young female protestor ran under the rope cordoning off the site and headed towards the excavation until she was restrained by excavators and then by police.

In 1987, Ior Bock and his supporters began fund-raising in order to finance excavation of a sediment-filled cave that is situated under the hill ' Sibbosberg ', situated north of Gumbostrand in Sipoo, 30 km east of Helsinki – at the estate Bock had inherited from his parents.

Fortunately, the next period of excavation was under Wilhelm Dörpfeld, a director of the German Archaeological Institute, so this time the ruins were estimated and reflected on properly.

Stephenson was directly responsible for the tunnel under Primrose Hill, which required excavation by shafts.

The Central Library at Grand Army Plaza October 2005, with the entrance-way still under excavation.

However, the most recent archaeological evidence from 3 excavation seasons conducted under G. T.

Ubar was rediscovered in the early 1990s and is now under archaeological excavation.