His early work in scrutinizing the use of local, exchange and trunk telephone line usage in a small community, to understand the theoretical requirements of an efficient network led to the creation of the Erlang formula, which became a foundational element of present day telecommunication network studies.

Ethel became involved with another man and the exchange of letters ceased but on Beatty's return she sent him a telegram and letter inviting him to resume their friendship.

In April it became illegal for individuals to hold and exchange foreign currency.

Wilhelm II initially supported the Nazi Party, and his four sons of the exiled German royal family, including Prince Eitel Friedrich and Prince Oskar, became members of the Nazi Party, in hopes that in exchange for their support, the Nazis would permit the restoration of the monarchy.

Cantor's father had been a member of the Saint Petersburg stock exchange ; when he became ill, the family moved to Germany in 1856, first to Wiesbaden then to Frankfurt, seeking winters milder than those of Saint Petersburg.

But when, in early 1915, the Allies asked for Greek help in the Dardanelles campaign, offering Cyprus in exchange, their diverging views became apparent: Constantine had been educated in Germany, was married to Sophia of Prussia, sister of Kaiser Wilhelm, and was convinced of the Central Powers ' victory.

Fine became the first person to sign a list formally agreeing to accept HOURS in exchange for services.

Soon after, Jim Rohrrsen, the proprietor of a local toy store, became the first retailer to sign-up to accept Ithaca HOURS in exchange for merchandise.

The profit that could be made by taking advantage of the differing postal rates in different countries to buy IRCs cheaply in one country and exchange them for stamps of a higher value in another country was the intended profit generator for a scheme operated by Charles Ponzi, which became the fraudulent Ponzi scheme ; in practice, the overhead on buying and selling large amounts of the very low-value IRCs precluded profitability.

When Jackson became president, he agreed that the Indians should be encouraged, but not forced, to exchange eastern lands for western lands.

On 19 June 1961, Kuwait became fully independent following an exchange of notes with the United Kingdom.

Determined to get a proven relief pitcher, general manager Harry Dalton made a huge offseason trade with the St. Louis Cardinals, trading outfielder Sixto Lescano and 3 minor league pitchers to the Cardinals in exchange for Rollie Fingers, Pete Vuckovich, and Ted Simmons, all of whom became key parts of the Brewers future success.

In the 1980s, however, Paraguay's exchange rate became overvalued and several state-owned heavy industry plants became operational.

This bug, discovered in 1994 by professor Thomas Nicely at Lynchburg College, Virginia, became known as the Pentium FDIV bug and caused embarrassment for Intel, which created an exchange program to replace the faulty processors.

After 1900, dedicated mail exchange facilities became common and postal services colocated customer services with businesses such as newsagents or railway stations for the convenience of customers and to cut costs.

After the first commercial telephone exchange was installed in 1878, the need for an automated, user-controlled method of directing a telephone call became apparent.

The bottom floor was used as a trading exchange ( this later became the stock exchange ) and the upper floor was used for balls, New Year's Eve parties, etc.

Between Brest-Litovsk and the point when the German military situation in the west became dire, some officials in the German government and high command began to favour offering more lenient terms to the Allies in exchange for their recognition of German gains in the east.

In 826 he became the first Scandinavian ruler to accept baptism, but he was unable to maintain his authority in Jutland and was possibly the first Viking to be granted Frankish land in exchange for protection.

However, it was not until 2002, after intense macroeconomic reform measures, that the dinar became convertible — a first since the Bretton Woods Agreements laid out the post-World War II international exchange rate regime.

* On August 9, 1988, in what became the biggest trade in NHL history ( also known as " The Trade Of The Century "), Wayne Gretzky was traded along with teammates Marty McSorley and Mike Krushelnyski from Edmonton to the Los Angeles Kings in exchange for Martin Gelinas, Jimmy Carson, three first round draft picks, and $ 15 million cash ( approximately $ 18 million CAD in 1988 ).

Instead he arranged an exchange of realms with his cousin, Megapenthes, and became king of Tiryns, Megapenthes taking Argos.

At the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815, the left-bank Palatinate — enlarged by other territories such as the former Bishopric of Speyer and the free imperial city of Speyer — was returned to the Wittelsbachs and became a formal part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816 in exchange for Tirol, which Bavaria ceded to Austria.

War, under these circumstances, cannot be one massive exchange of nuclear devastation.

In all cases there was readily measurable exchange after as little as one hour of illumination.

But those who were in favor of the meeting felt that a frank exchange between the two men and an opportunity to size one another up would prove salutary.

As widespread inefficiencies in numbering ( such as the assignment of entire blocks of 10000 numbers to every competing carrier in every small village to support local number portability schemes ) have created shortages of available numbers, these prefixes are often " reclaimed " and issued as standard exchanges, moving the handful of numbers in them to one standard test exchange ( usually 958 ).

Along with Lazio and Juventus, Roma is one of only three Italian clubs quotated in Borsa Italiana ( Italian stock exchange ).

Where securities are traded on more than one exchange, arbitrage occurs by simultaneously buying in one and selling on the other.

" In one episode of the series, when another student threatens to kill them, the duo uses this to their advantage, pretending to be exchange students named " Crevis and Bung-Head ".

New Crowns for Old depicts Disraeli as Abanazer from the pantomime version of Aladdin offering Queen Victoria | Victoria an imperial crown in exchange for a royal one. Disraeli cultivated a public image of himself as an Imperialist with grand gestures such as conferring on Queen Victoria the title “ Empress of India ”.

* Double down The player is allowed to increase the initial bet by up to 100 % in exchange for committing to stand after receiving exactly one more card.

Canada has the tenth largest economy in the world ( measured in US dollars at market exchange rates ), is one of the world's wealthiest nations, and is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) and Group of Eight ( G8 ).

Complexation reactions also include ligand exchange, in which one or more ligands are replaced by another, and redox processes which change the oxidation state of the central metal atom.

It is one of the earliest practical examples of key exchange implemented within the field of cryptography.

But the crafty Afghan ruler clearly viewed the war as an opportunity to play one side off against the other, for he also offered the British to resist a Central Powers attack on India in exchange for an end to British control of Afghan foreign policy.

Money, as a means of exchange, allows many different goods to be analyzed in terms of their cost in a very easy way ; the cheaper good is a more desirable one to use.

On one hand they act as immunodepressors, and protect the embryo from the immune system of the mother and on the other hand viral fusion proteins cause the formation of the placental syncytium in order to limit the exchange of migratory cells between the developing embryo and the body of the mother, where an epithelium won't do because certain blood cells are specialized to be able to insert themselves between adjacent epithelial cells.

" I was intrigued by the exchange in one of the opening scenes where the Warden says to Snake ' You flew the Gullfire over Leningrad, didn't you?

After friendly greetings, he bids them exchange this letter with the one he had sent to the neighbouring Laodicean Church.

It was one of the first attempts to establish a neutral data exchange format for the electronic design automation ( EDA ) industry.

The exchange may also transport a charge between the fermions, changing the charges of the fermions in the process ( e. g., turn them from one type of fermion to another ).

Since bosons carry one unit of angular momentum, the fermion's spin direction will flip from + to − ( or vice versa ) during such an exchange ( in units of the reduced Planck's constant ).

During the season, the Marlins to made one of the biggest trades in club history as Los Angeles got P Brad Penny, 1B Hee Seop Choi and Double-A left-hander Bill Murphy in exchange for P Guillermo Mota, C Paul LoDuca and OF Juan Encarnacion.

The financial rand system provided for two exchange rates for the rand, one for current account transactions, and one for capital account transactions for non-residents.

" Groucho often asserted in interviews that this exchange never took place, but it remains one of the most often quoted " Groucho-isms " nonetheless.