Although trade unions in Benin represent up to 75 % of the formal workforce, the large informal economy has been noted by the International Trade Union Confederation ( ITCU ) to contain ongoing problems, including a lack of women's wage equality, the use of child labour, and the continuing issue of forced labour.

With " Tertiary " being discouraged as a formal time or rock unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the K – T extinction event is now called the Cretaceous – Paleogene ( or K – Pg ) extinction event by many researchers.

* In the early 1970s, Ted Patrick — a man with plenty of street smarts but, at the time, no formal training in counseling — believed that members of his family were being brainwashed by David Berg, the leader of a group called the Family International, now known as " The Family.

Gallium's melting point ( mp ) is one of the formal temperature reference points in the International Temperature Scale of 1990 ( ITS-90 ) established by BIPM.

The development of International English often centres on academic and scientific communities, where formal English usage is prevalent, and creative use of the language is at a minimum.

This delegation made a formal request to the International Association of Academies in Vienna to select and endorse an international language ; the request was rejected in May 1907.

The formal definition of a mineral approved by the International Mineralogical Association ( IMA ) in 1995:

* 1753 – Publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.

Following formal discussions at the International Geological Congress, Oslo Norway, August 2008, the International Commission on Stratigraphy ( ICS ) decided in May 2009 to make the Quaternary the youngest period of the Cenozoic Era with its base at 2. 588 Mya and including the Gelasian age, which was formerly considered part of the Neogene Period and Pliocene Epoch.

The Tertiary is no longer recognized as a formal unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, its traditional span being divided between the Paleogene and Neogene Periods of the Cenozoic Era.

The advisory opinion was issued in response to a formal request made by the International Seabed Authority following two prior applications the Authority's Legal and Technical Commission had received from the Republics of Nauru and Tonga regarding proposed activities ( a plan of work to explore for polymetallic nodules ) to be undertaken in the Area by two State-sponsored contractors ( Nauru Ocean Resources Inc. ( sponsored by the Republic of Nauru ) and Tonga Offshore Mining Ltd. ( sponsored by the Kingdom of Tonga ).

* May 1 – Species Plantarum is published by Linnaeus ( adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature as the formal start date of the scientific classification of plants ).

The International Ski Federation ceased all formal competition of this sport after 2000.

People communicating in International Sign tend to make heavy use of role play, as well as a feature common to most sign languages researched to date: an extensive formal system of classifiers.

It is also the reference meridian of the Global Positioning System operated by the United States Department of Defense, and of WGS84 and its two formal versions, the ideal International Terrestrial Reference System ( ITRS ) and its realization, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame ( ITRF ).

* June 25 Enron announces formal organization of InternationalCo as Prisma Energy International Inc.

In 1972, ICOMOS was named by the UNESCO World Heritage Convention as one of the three formal advisory bodies to the World Heritage Committee, along with the World Conservation Union ( IUCN ) and the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property ( ICCROM ).

* procedures for the coordination ( ensuring technical compatibility ) and notification ( formal recording and protection in the Master International Frequency Register ) of frequency assignments made to radio stations by national governments ;

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ( ICZN or ICZN Code ) is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals.

The International Board of Directors also had a formal meeting there.

In 1999, a Canadian law professor, Michael Mandel, filed a formal complaint of NATO war crimes with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia charging 67 NATO leaders with war crimes.

As with the old Viacom, the current company owns Viacom International, which is the formal owner of copyrights associated with Viacom's corporate website and its cable networks.

When he had given the call a few moments thought, he went into the kitchen to ask Mrs. Yamata to prepare tea and sushi for the visitors, using the formal English china and the silver tea service which had been donated to the mission, then he went outside to inspect the grounds.

Despite the lack of formal secondary and tertiary level education, Nobel gained proficiency in six languages: Swedish, French, Russian, English, German and Italian.

This kind of formal English, particularly written English, is often called " standard English ".

There are slight regional variations in formal written English in the United Kingdom.

Between then and 1764, when a more formal revised version was published, a number of things happened which were to separate the Scottish Episcopal liturgy more firmly from either the English books of 1549 or 1559.

The establishment of funding for the Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts and formal Gaelic language courses in public schools are intended to address the near-loss of this culture to English assimilation.

However, medial capitals are rarely used in formal written English and most style guides recommend against their use.

In several languages, including English, pronouns and possessives may be capitalized to indicate respect, e. g., when referring to the reader of a formal letter or to God.

In American English, collective nouns almost invariably take singular verb forms ( formal agreement ).

However, with the advent of sound films, many foreign actors or those with strong regional accents soon found themselves in less demand, and more ' formal ' English ( received pronunciation ) became the norm.

Unlike natural languages, such as English, the language of first-order logic is completely formal, so that it can be mechanically determined whether a given expression is legal.

) has been widely known in English by his Latinized name Gustavus Adolphus Magnus and variously in historical writings also as Gustavus, or Gustavus the Great, or Gustav Adolph the Great (, a formal distinction passed by the Swedish Parliament in 1634 ).

The formal frontier between the two countries was re-established, with customs duties which, while they protected Scottish cloth industries from cheap English imports, also denied access to English markets for Scottish cattle or Scottish linens.

It has a role in Italian poetry, and a formal structure, comparable to the iambic pentameter in English or the alexandrine in French.

Hanson had no extended formal education while growing up in Maryland, but he read broadly in both English and Latin.

Following the Roman occupation and the conquest by the English, education in Wales was at a very low ebb in the early modern period ; in particular, formal education was only available in English while the majority of the population spoke only Welsh.

Halliday's concern is with " naturally occurring language in actual contexts of use " in a large typological range of languages whereas Chomsky is concerned only with the formal properties of languages such as English, which he thinks are indicative of the nature of what he calls Universal Grammar.

Pride in Newfoundland language and culture has also encouraged a conscious retention of some obvious Newfoundlandisms, however, and speakers can often be observed switching between standard Canadian English for formal settings and language closer to Newfoundland English for personal communication.

* Metamath-a language for developing strictly formalized mathematical definitions and proofs accompanied by a proof checker for this language and a growing database of thousands of proved theorems ; while the Metamath language is not accompanied with an automated theorem prover, it can be regarded as important because the formal language behind it allows development of such a software ; as of March, 2012, there is no " widely " known such software, so it is not a subject of " automated theorem proving " ( it can become such a subject ), but it is a proof assistant.

Although Zermelo's fix allows a class to describe arbitrary ( possibly " large ") entities, these predicates of the meta-language may have no formal existence ( i. e., as a set ) within the theory.

Although mesoclisis is extremely formal in Brazilian Portuguese and tends to be circumscribed in lesser formal registers by avoiding synthetical future / conditional verb forms, European Portuguese still allows clitic object pronouns to surface as mesoclitics in colloquial situations:

The definition of theorems as elements of a formal language allows for results in proof theory that study the structure of formal proofs and the structure of provable formulas.

Another early foreshadowing technique is formal patterning, " the organization of the events, actions and gestures which constitute a narrative and give shape to a story ; when done well, formal patterning allows the audience the pleasure of discerning and anticipating the structure of the plot as it unfolds ".

To make things completely formal, the Cauchy sequences definition of R allows us to define +∞ as the set of all sequences of rationals which, for any K > 0, from some point on exceed K. We can define −∞ similarly.

This statute allows the owner of a particular trade dress (" container for goods ") to sue an infringer ( a person or entity who illegally copies that trade dress ) for violating section 43 ( a ) without registering that trade dress with any formal agency or system ( unlike the registration and application requirements for enforcing other forms of intellectual property, such as patents ).

Furthermore the length of the FRCP ( EM ) residency allows more time for formal training in these areas.

Unlike seals and other general emblems, heraldic achievements have a formal description called a blazon, expressed in a jargon that allows for consistency in heraldic depictions.

; Deduction: allows deriving from only where is a formal consequence of.

This allows the definition of a formal proof to be precisely specified without any ambiguity.

While Hilbert's tenth problem is not a formal mathematical statement as such the nearly universal acceptance of the ( philosophical ) identification of a decision algorithm with a total computable predicate allows us to use the MRDP theorem to conclude the tenth problem is unsolvable.

Though the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security, signed in 1960, allows for the continued presence of American military bases in Japan, most of them on Okinawa, no formal agreement was ever set by which Japan officially relies on the United States, United Nations, or anybody else for its defense.

Some political scientists believe that reserve powers are a good thing in that they allow for a government to handle an unforeseen crisis and that the use of convention to limit the use of reserve powers allows for more gradual and subtle constitutional evolution than is possible through formal amendment of a written constitution.

In many countries this is the highest formal rank ( that of master having been eliminated ) and allows them to perform all the tasks of the trade within the area where they are certified, to supervise apprentices and to become self-employed.

The change from " she " or " you " to " they " allows Matthew to have Joseph give the name " Jesus " to the child, thus signalling the God-born Messiah's formal adoption into the House of David, while at the same time he is " Immanuel ", God with us, the Son of God.

In the context of a formal model, it allows reasoning about the properties of such a system.

Although the 1997 Criminal Procedure Law allows the police to detain a person for up to 37 days before release or formal arrest, more vigorous court reviews have led to the release of thousands of unlawfully detained individuals.

This allows different cultures to understand formal hegemonic relationships in personal terms, even among states using non-personal forms of rule.

Standard mathematical notation allows a formal definition of range.

The formal, unambiguous definition of SPARK allows and encourages a variety of static analysis techniques to be applied to SPARK programs.