Significant changes introduced into the 1968 document included Article 6, which committed the state to adhere to the " principles of socialist internationalism " and to devote special attention to its " fraternal ties " with the Soviet Union ; Article 9, which based the national economy on the " socialist ownership of the means of production "; Article 20, which under pressure from the churches granted freedom of conscience and belief ; Article 21, which maintained that the " basic rights " of citizenship were inseparably linked with " corresponding obligations "; and Article 47, which declared that the principle of " democratic centralism " is the authoritative maxim for the construction of the socialist state.

# Focus on quantity: This rule is a means of enhancing divergent production, aiming to facilitate problem solving through the maxim quantity breeds quality.

Universalizing a maxim ( statement ) leads to it being valid, or to one of two contradictions — a contradiction in conception ( where the maxim, when universalized, is no longer a viable means to the end ) or a contradiction in will ( where the will of a person contradicts what the universalization of the maxim implies ).

The most characteristic features are ( 1 ) a reliance on the pragmatic maxim as a means of clarifying the meanings of difficult concepts, truth in particular, and ( 2 ) an emphasis on the fact that the product variously branded as belief, certainty, knowledge, or truth is the result of a process, namely, inquiry.

This Latin maxim basically means ‘ a volunteer cannot be wronged ’.

Restitutio in integrum is a Latin maxim which means restoration to original condition.

The conception that in religious matters anyone, however ignorant, can judge for himself, is the direct denial of the old Jewish maxim, ‘ The ignorant cannot be pious ’ ( Avot 2: 5 )… The majority vote of a Board of Directors of a synagogue is, after all, a negligible quantity when it is in opposition to the vote of historical Judaism with its myriad of Saints and thousands of Sages … The sorting, distributing, selecting, harmonizing and completing can only be done by experienced hands.

However, some legal scholars criticize this, because generally, in the legal systems of Continental Europe where the maxim was first developed, " penal law " was taken to mean statutory penal law, so as to create a guarantee to the individual, considered as a fundamental right, that he would not be prosecuted for an action or omission that was not considered a crime according to the statutes passed by the legislators in force at the time of the action or omission, and that only those penalties that were in place when the infringement took place would be applied.

The authentic idea of unity of the Slavic people was all but gone after World War I when the maxim " Versailles and Trianon have put an end to all Slavisms " and was finally put to rest with the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in late 1980s.

This maxim operates where there are two or more competing equitable interests ; when two equities are equal the original interest ( i. e., the first in time ) will succeed.

By putting all these ideas together on his return from the Paris family holiday, the Christmas Cracker was born complete with a surprise novelty gift, a trinket, a tissue paper hat, a snap to make a bang when pulled apart and a piece of paper with a joke or motto-a maxim of appropriate character to express a principle or ideal suited to the occasion.

In suggesting a rationale for climate change denial, Cook noted a maxim by Upton Sinclair: " It is difficult to get a man to understand something, when his salary depends upon his not understanding it.

For males ideal is of 1. 52 m, when there are admitted for the definite register at least 1. 47 m and maxim of 1. 57 m.

For females ideal is of 1. 46 m, when there are admitted for the definite register at least 1. 40 m and maxim of 1. 54 m.

A simplified maxim on the subject states " An atheist would say, ' I don't believe God exists '; an agnostic would say, ' I don't know whether or not God exists '; and an ignostic would say, ' I don't know what you mean when you say, " God exists " '.

It is the usual British maxim that the actions of a King in possession are valid, even when his title is unsound ; but there was also a law of the Kingdom of Ireland that the King of England is automatically King of Ireland-and William and Mary were crowned in England on 11 April 1689.

This legal maxim was first enunciated by William Blackstone: " It is a settled and invariable principle in the laws of England, that every right when with-held must have a remedy, and every injury its proper redress.

Conversationalists can assume that when speakers intentionally flout a maxim, they still do so with the aim of expressing some thought.

" The Supreme Court explicitly referred to this maxim within its ruling on the case Ex parte Milligan, when it remarked that " these of the Bill of Rights, in truth, are all peace provisions of the Constitution and, like all other conventional and legislative laws and enactments, are silent amidst arms, and when the safety of the people becomes the supreme law.

The same principle can be applied when neither party is at fault if they have equal right to the disputed property, in which case the maxim of law becomes in aequali jure ( melior est conditio possidentis ).

Brandeis cites an old maxim of unclean hands, inherited from courts of equity, whereby a court will not redress a wrong when he who has requested its aid has unclean hands.

A maxim is a ground rule or subjective principle of action ; in that sense, a maxim is a thought that can motivate individuals.

Louis A. Landa presents Swift ’ s A Modest Proposal as a critique of the popular and unjustified maxim of mercantilism in the 18th century that " people are the riches of a nation ".

This rule does not usually apply to intentional torts ( for example, deceit ), and also has stunted applicability to the quantum in negligence where the maxim Intended consequences are never too remote applies ' never ' is inaccurate here but resorts to unforeseeable direct and natural consequences of an act.

A fable is a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, mythical creatures, plants, inanimate objects or forces of nature which are anthropomorphized ( given human qualities such as verbal communication ), and that illustrates or leads to an interpretation of a moral lesson ( a " moral "), which may at the end be added explicitly in a pithy maxim.

These are customarily placed under the rubric of Ockham's razor, named after the 14th century Franciscan friar William of Ockham, who is credited with many different expressions of the maxim, not all of which have yet been found among his extant works.

" Putting words in the dead sophist's mouth, Socrates declares that Protagoras asserts with his maxim that all things are in motion and whatever seems to be the case, is the case for the perceiver, whether the individual or the state.

' Moreover, we who know the maxim, ' Blessed are the peacemakers ,' and this also, ' Blessed are the meek ,' would not regard with hatred the corrupters of Christianity, nor term those who had fallen into error Circes and flattering deceivers.

Thus while defenders argue that the three-prong test embodies the maxim that " opportunity drives interest ", critics argue that the three-prong test goes beyond Title IX original purpose of preventing discrimination, and instead amounts to an exercise in which athletic opportunities are taken away from male students and given to female students, despite the comparatively lower interest levels of those female students.

The consequences of this maxim, and of equitable conversion, are significant in their bearing on the risk of loss in transactions.

Each maxim consists of a single verse, and the verses are arranged in alphabetical order according to their initial letters.

The maxim is widely quoted in defence of theological and religious freedom, even though it raises the essential question of which things are necessary and which are doubtful or unnecessary.

Disapproval of what he viewed as specifically Romanian traits had been present in his works (" In any maxim, in any proverb, in any reflection, our people expresses the same shyness in front of life, the same hesitation and resignation ... [...] Everyday Romanian are dumbfounding.

If they are acting on a bad maxim, e. g. " I will lie ", then their action is wrong, even if some good consequences come of it.

The Maxim ( philosophy ) | maxim of the " Golden Rule " is exemplified in many Christian stories, such as the Parable of the Good Samaritan, which are unadorned replications of the Jew ish Torah: " Love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD.

Sarpi's maxim was that " God does not regard externals so long as the mind and heart are right before Him.

An essay on ' The School of Giorgione ' ( Fortnightly Review, 1877 ), added to the third edition ( 1888 ), contains Pater's much-quoted maxim " All art constantly aspires towards the condition of music " ( i. e. the arts seek to unify subject matter and form, and music is the only art in which subject and form are seemingly one ).

All utilitarian theories are based upon the maxim of utility, which states that good is whatever provides the greatest happiness for the greatest number.

Non-maleficence, which is derived from the maxim, is one of the principal precepts of medical ethics that all medical students are taught in medical school and is a fundamental principle for emergency medical services around the world.

Their maxim is " we all are brothers, we all are the same " ("" dialect ).

* John D. Caputo attempts to explain deconstruction in a nutshell by stating that: " Whenever deconstruction finds a nutshell — a secure axiom or a pithy maxim — the very idea is to crack it open and disturb this tranquility.

This view is frequently summarised by the maxim an unjust law is not a true law, lex iniusta non est lex, in which ' unjust ' is defined as contrary to natural law.

The words originate from the phrasing of the principle in the Latin maxim Stare decisis et non quieta movere: " to stand by decisions and not disturb the undisturbed.

This view is frequently summarized by the maxim: an unjust law is not a true law, in which ' unjust ' is defined as contrary to natural law.

The notion of the Program involves " an act to edit function and human activities " as the pretext of architectural design: epitomised in the maxim Form follows function, first popularised by architect Louis Sullivan at the beginning of the 20th century.

This maxim, as interpreted by Bertrand Russell, states that if one can explain a phenomenon without assuming this or that hypothetical entity, there is no ground for assuming it, i. e. that one should always opt for an explanation in terms of the fewest possible causes, factors, or variables.

Hempel rejected this as a solution to the paradox, insisting that the proposition ' c is a raven and is black ' must be considered " by itself and without reference to any other information ", and pointing out that it "... was emphasized in section 5. 2 ( b ) of my article in Mind ... that the very appearance of paradoxicality in cases like that of the white shoe results in part from a failure to observe this maxim.

That led to his wholehearted embrace of Hegelianism, as he became bedazzled by Hegel's famous maxim ; " Everything that exists is rational ".

It was Peirce's own maxim that " Facts cannot be explained by a hypothesis more extraordinary than these facts themselves ; and of various hypotheses the least extraordinary must be adopted.

The influence of Flores Magón on Zapata can be seen in the Zapatistas ' Plan de Ayala, but even more noticeably in their slogan ( this slogan was never used by Zapata ) " Tierra y libertad " or " land and liberty ", the title and maxim of Flores Magón's most famous work.

As referenced by CSI member Martin Gardner, a maxim regularly put into practice by the organization is H. L. Mencken's " one horse-laugh is worth a thousand syllogisms.

This maxim is often displaced by statutory limitations, but even where a limitation period has not yet run, equity may apply the doctrine of " laches ," an equitable term used to describe delay sufficient to defeat an equitable claim.

Gournay was delighted by the Colbert-LeGendre anecdote, and forged it into a larger maxim all his own: " Laissez faire et laissez passer " (' Let do and let pass ').

" The actual text of that maxim, as translated by Dennis W. Hauck is " That which is Below corresponds to that which is Above, and that which is Above corresponds to that which is Below, to accomplish the miracle of the One Thing ".

" The ' universal connection ' referred to here is Kant's categorical imperative: " act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.

Nicholas Roerich managed to continue and develop into a profound and feasible doctrine the famous maxim proclaimed by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, “ Beauty will save the World !”

Bullock's Guardian obituary commented that " Bullock's famous maxim ' Hitler was jobbed into power by backstairs intrigue ' has stood the test of time.

Devotion to the traditional works of mercy exemplified the Catholic Reformation's reaffirmation of salvation through faith and works, and repudiation of the maxim sola scriptura emphasized by Protestants sects.

The maxim fiat justitia, ruat caelum (" Let justice be done, though the heavens fall "), used by Lord Mansfield in Somersett's Case and in reversing the outlawry of John Wilkes, and in the alternate form fiat iustitia, et pereat mundus by Ferdinand of Habsburg, is sometimes attributed to Piso, but this is disputed.