In the fourth edition ( 1866 ) of On the Origin of Species Darwin wrote that " the periods during which species have undergone modification, though long as measured in years, have probably been short in comparison with the periods during which they retain the same form.

Louis was also involved in 19th century weather modification projects, and was able to illustrate the ability to modify clouds at will in the mid-1890s, long before General Electric found that clouds could be modified using dry ice.

The so-called New Laws are similar to Asimov's originals with the following differences: the First Law is modified to remove the " inaction " clause, the same modification made in " Little Lost Robot "; the Second Law is modified to require cooperation instead of obedience ; the Third Law is modified so it is no longer superseded by the Second ( i. e., a " New Law " robot cannot be ordered to destroy itself ); finally, Allen adds a Fourth Law which instructs the robot to do " whatever it likes " so long as this does not conflict with the first three laws.

This formula can be derived in similar manner to above, but with the modification that one portfolio consists of going long a call, going short a put, and D ( T ) bonds that each pay 1 dollar at maturity T ( the bonds will be worth D ( t ) at time t ); the other portfolio is the same as before-long one share of stock, short K bonds that each pay 1 dollar at T. The difference is that at time T, the stock is not only worth S ( T ) but has paid out D ( T ) in dividends.

REST, when combined with other effective smoking cessation methods ( for example: behavior modification ), resulted in long term abstinence of 50 %.

After a long period of restoration and modification, the hacienda today houses an exclusive hotel, which can accommodate conventions and banquets.

" The two governments later agreed that, " So long as the United States of America shall not abandon the said naval station of Guantanamo or the two Governments shall not agree to a modification of its present limits, the station shall continue to have the territorial area that it now has, with the limits that it has on the date of the signature of the present Treaty.

The homes of the STK people show a slight modification that became a major feature of later cultures: one end of the long house was made shorter than the other to achieve a trapezoidal shape.

This modification of the number seven is caused by the numeral one with a long initial stroke and no underserif.

The payoff in the native chemical ligation method is that coupling long peptides by this technique is in many cases nearly quantitative and provides synthetic access to large peptides and proteins otherwise impossible to make, due to length or decoration by post-translational modification.

The word " Motorik " means " motor skill " in German, although the word's use in music journalism may be derived from a punning modification of " motoric ", a term long used by music critics to describe relentless ostinato rhythm.

Although osteocytes are relatively inert cells, they are capable of molecular synthesis and modification, as well as transmission of signals over long distances, in a way similar to the nervous system.

Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of epenthesis, or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of disaspiration.

On July 18, 2012 ; The source code for Project64 1. 6 was leaked with intact source headers permitting distribution and modification through a custom license, thus allowing several well-known members of the emulation community to take up the source and begin the long process of improving and sanitising the code for use with more modern development tools.

Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of epenthesis, the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of de-aspiration.

This modification, named the X-1 Kai, involves adding " Screw Whips ", long heat whips with a spinning drill at the end, on its rear skirt armor.

In the fifth edition of The Origin of Species, Darwin wrote that " the periods during which species have undergone modification, though long as measured in years, have probably been short in comparison with the periods during which they retain the same form.

As it happens, chess has a finite number of positions and a draw-by-repetition rules, so with these modified rules, if play continues long enough without White having won, then Black can eventually force a win ( due to the modification of draw = win for black ).

The construction of houses, expressly prohibited in the outskirts of the monastery, was the cause of a dispute that faced the municipal authorities, who promoted a modification of the rules, and those who sought to restrict new construction.

In practice, there is overlap between the three processes with, for example, the excavation of the crater continuing in some regions while modification and collapse is already underway in others.

Historians question whether the Roman government distinguished between Christians and Jews prior to Nerva's modification of the Fiscus Judaicus in 96 ( Jews paid the tax, Christians did not ).

When iodine is dissolved in polar solvents which are strong donor solvents such as ketones, ethers, pyridine, the formation of charge-transfer complex leads to modification of the energy gap between the two molecular orbitals, thus different wavelengths were absorbed and iodine has different color in solvents with different polarity.

It is true that a certain bitterness of feeling afterwards sprang up between Grimm and Rask, but this may have well been the fault of the latter, who, impatient of contradiction and irritable in controversy, refused to consider the value of Grimm's views when they involved modification of his own.

Later work on modification of histones led to the identification of an unexpected covalent modification of the histone protein by a bond between a lysine side chain of the histone and the C-terminal glycine residue of ubiquitin, a protein that had no known function.

Psychologist Hans J. Eysenck in explaining the relationship between psychotherapy, behavior therapy and behavior modification defines it in its broadest sense as " the use of psychological therories and methods in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Musically, Test For Echo still retained much of the hard rock / alternative style already charted on the previous record with Lifeson and Lee's playing remaining more or less unchanged ; however, a distinct modification in technique became apparent in Peart's playing from his jazz and swing training under the tutelage of jazz instructor Freddie Gruber during the interim between Counterparts and Test For Echo.

Such modification can be applied to the PDU ( Protocol Data Unit ), to the time relations between the exchanged PDUs, or both ( hybrid methods ).

All the foregoing rules and aids and difficulties in classification are explained, if I do not greatly deceive myself, on the view that the natural system is founded on descent with modification ; that the characters which naturalists consider as showing true affinity between any two or more species, are those which have been inherited from a common parent, and, in so far, all true classification is genealogical ; that community of descent is the hidden bond which naturalists have been unconsciously seeking, ...

This task is mostly handled automatically by the CVS client, requiring manual intervention only when an edit conflict arises between a checked-in modification and the yet-unchecked local version of a file.

Entered into between the United States Department of Justice and the American Telephone & Telegraph Company ( AT & T ) the MFJ, after modification and upon approval of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, required the Bell System divestiture of the Bell Operating Companies from AT & T.

Experimental modification by ecdysone hormone treatment has demonstrated that it is possible to control the continuum of expression of variation between the wet and dry-season forms.

The modification of epigenetic features associated with a region of DNA allows organisms, on a multigenerational time scale, to switch between phenotypes that express and repress that particular gene.

Grand-Am has only one class for Grand Touring cars which allows production-based GT racers at a spec somewhere between FIA GT2 and GT3 in terms of modification ( e. g. the Porsche 911 GT3 Cup ) to compete with purpose-built tube-frame " silhouette " machines reminiscent of the former IMSA GTO / GTU classes.

Compatibility between the groups is also high, but problematic, especially in the case of RM2's vast array of optional rules, some of which will simply not work in RMSS or RMFRP without modification.

Technically, the products released between 1984 and 1988 are also First Edition Rolemaster products, but actual differences between RM1 and RM2 were slight ( limited to a minor modification to the combat sequence, some rearranging of material, and a major graphical overhaul ), and few ( if any ) compatibility issues ever arose.

The number of unique protein species likely increase by between 50, 000 and 500, 000 due to RNA splicing and proteolysis events, and when post-translational modification are also considered, the total number of unique human proteins is estimated to range in the low millions.

The RLA categorizes all labor disputes as either " major " disputes, which concern the making or modification of the collective bargaining agreement between the parties, or " minor " disputes, which involve the interpretation or application of collective bargaining agreements.

The granularity of the modification considered a change varies between version control systems.

Another modification provides a pathway between the instruction memory ( such as ROM or flash ) and the CPU to allow words from the instruction memory to be treated as read-only data.

The nearly free electron model is a modification of the free electron model which includes a weak periodic perturbation meant to model the interaction between the conduction electrons and the ions in a crystalline solid.

Its cause is a complex interaction between the differing surface tensions of water and ethanol ; it is induced by a combination of surface tension modification of water by ethanol together with ethanol evaporating faster than water.