This neo-Malthusian model incorporating Kuznets ' work, yields a helix model of the relationships over time rather than just a curve .< ref > In accounting for historical changes, David Lempert's work in the early 1980s introduced a time dimension and a political dimension to the curve, showing how population and politics interact with economic inequality over time, leading either to long-term stability or to collapse.

This neo-Malthusian model incorporating Kuznets ' work, yields a helix model of the relationships over time rather than just a curve </ Lempert, David, " A Demographic-Economic Explanation of Political Stability: Mauritius as a Microcosm ," Eastern Africa Economic Review, Vol.

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