It is an accepted juridical principle in California that a Superior Court decision does not constitute a binding legal precedent.

Therefore, the third principle of the plan must be that it does not depend for effectiveness on engagement by the same types, unless at an assured favorable exchange rate.

Also, as we now know, bosons also have antiparticles, but since bosons do not obey the Pauli exclusion principle ( only fermions do ), hole theory does not work for them.

However, he does not immediately show what this principle might be.

In lawyer lingo, hornbook law or black letter law is a fundamental and well-accepted legal principle that does not require any further explanation, since a hornbook is a primer of basics.

Cardozo continues to adhere to the original principle of Winterbottom, that " absurd and outrageous consequences " must be avoided, and he does so by drawing a new line in the last sentence quoted above: " There must be knowledge of a danger, not merely possible, but probable.

Inflation answers the classic conundrum of the Big Bang cosmology: why does the universe appear flat, homogeneous, and isotropic in accordance with the cosmological principle when one would expect, on the basis of the physics of the Big Bang, a highly curved, heterogeneous universe?

The Vedic literature, Srimad-Bhagavatam, reject from its very beginning kaitava-dharma or false philosophy, thus it frankly speaks about the principle of material life, and it does have a meaningful relation to celibacy.

Second, he does not say that his existence is necessary ; he says that if he thinks, then necessarily he exists ( see the instantiation principle ).

Also, the cascading principle acknowledges that several low hurdles does not make a high hurdle.

Nor does it prevent the government from retrying the defendant after an appellate reversal other than for sufficiency, including habeas, or " thirteenth juror " appellate reversals notwithstanding sufficiency on the principle that jeopardy has not " terminated.

The guiding principle for the qualification of Dublin Core elements, colloquially known as the Dumb-Down Principle, states that an application that does not understand a specific element refinement term should be able to ignore the qualifier and treat the metadata value as if it were an unqualified ( broader ) element.

Merleau-Ponty and others question whether Husserl here does not undercut his own position, in that Husserl had attacked in principle historicism, while specifically designing his phenomenology to be rigorous enough to transcend the limits of history.

This argument is embodied in the Copernican principle, which states that the Earth does not occupy a unique position in the Universe, and the mediocrity principle, which holds that there is nothing special about life on Earth.

The foundational principle of EVM, mentioned above, does not depend on the size or complexity of the project.

Unlike many object-oriented languages, but like Smalltalk, Eiffel does not permit any assignment into fields of objects, except within the features of an object, which is the practical application of the principle of information hiding or data abstraction, requiring formal interfaces for data mutation.

The Euclidean algorithm is based on the principle that the greatest common divisor of two numbers does not change if the smaller number is subtracted from the larger number.

The economist Walter Block observed critically that while The Road to Serfdom is " a war cry against central planning ," it does show some reservations with a free market system and laissez-faire capitalism, with Hayek even going so far as to say that " probably nothing has done so much harm to the liberal cause as the wooden insistence of some liberals on certain rules of thumb, above all the principle of laissez-faire.

" Nowadays, as Hezbollah scholar Magnus Ranstorp reports, Hezbollah does indeed have a formal governing structure, and in keeping with the principle of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists ( velayat-e faqih ), it " concentrate ... all authority and powers " in its religious leaders, whose decisions then " flow from the ulama down the entire community.

However, this article provides an interesting discussion of the limitations of the principle and also of different scientists ' views as to whether it is an accurate representation of reality or whether " Huygens ' principle actually does give the right answer but for the wrong reasons ".

Jewish law includes several considerations whose effects are similar to those of modern intellectual property laws, though the notion of intellectual creations as property does not seem to exist – notably the principle of Hasagat Ge ' vul ( unfair encroachment ) was used to justify limited-term publisher ( but not author ) copyright in the 16th century.

To prevent this unphysical situation from happening, Dirac proposed that a " sea " of negative-energy electrons fills the universe, already occupying all of the lower-energy states so that, due to the Pauli exclusion principle, no other electron could fall into them.

" To prevent large private organizations from thus dominating the body politic, distributism applies this principle of subsidiarity to economic as well as to social and political action.

( The principle of wet mixing to prevent the separation of dry ingredients, invented for gunpowder, is used today in the pharmaceutical industry.

Within the need-to-know principle, network administrators grant the employee least amount privileges to prevent employees access and doing more than what they are supposed too.

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 had already granted U. S. citizenship to all persons born in the United States, as long as those persons were not subject to a foreign power ; the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment added this principle into the Constitution to prevent the Supreme Court from ruling the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to be unconstitutional for lack of congressional authority to enact such a law and to prevent a future Congress from altering it by a mere majority vote.

The precautionary principle implies an emphasis on the need to prevent such adverse effects.

A common example of the principle in action is the idea of preventing disasters from happening in the past and the potential paradoxes this may cause ( notably the idea that preventing the disaster would remove the motive for the traveller to go back and prevent it and so on ).

Concerning potential risks to public health, examples of cases in which the precautionary principle has been advocated ( but not always accepted ) are: the commercialization of genetically modified foods, the use of growth hormones in cattle raising, measures to prevent the " mad cow " disease, health claims linked to phthalates in PVC toys, among many others.

Diamond describes the small number of domesticated species ( 14 out of 148 " candidates ") as an instance of the Anna Karenina principle: many promising species have just one of several significant difficulties that prevent domestication.

The general harm principle fails to consider the possibility of other sanctions to prevent harm, and the effectiveness of criminalization as a chosen option.

A self-anchored suspension bridge has some similarity in principle to the cable-stayed type in that tension forces that prevent the deck from dropping are converted into compression forces vertically in the tower and horizontally along the deck structure.

Royer-Collard's acceptance of the Legitimist principle did not prevent a faithful adhesion to the social revolution effected in 1789, and he protested in 1815, in 1820, and again under the monarchy of July against laws of exception.

Kim Busik was a patrician of Silla origin, and though he himself was a practicing Buddhist, he supported Confucianism over Buddhism as the guiding principle of governance and favored presenting tributes to the Chinese emperor to prevent a conflict with China and in deference to the lofty ( sadae ).

Citing the first principle of the medical profession — that doctors have an obligation to prevent what they cannot treat — a global federation of physician experts came together to explain the medical and scientific facts about nuclear war to policy makers and to the public, and to advocate for the elimination of nuclear weapons from the world ’ s arsenals.

This contributed to the resistance encountered by the scientific interpretation of holism, which insists that there are ontological reasons that prevent reductive models in principle from providing efficient algorithms for prediction of system behavior in certain classes of systems.

One of his most notable achievements was negotiating with the federal government to implement the Atlantic Accord, a multi-decade regional development program that had been approved in principle during the late 1980s to prevent provincial government offshore oil and gas royalties from being included in calculations for the federal equalization program.

The principle of Kiddush Hashem requires Jews to conduct themselves in every way as to prevent the name of God from being dishonored by non-Israelites.

The Novikov self-consistency principle was anticipated by the tacit understanding of the Time Tunnel scientists that recorded history could not be altered although in episode four (" The Day The Sky Fell In ") the time travelers make it their concern to see to it that young Tony Newman escapes being killed in the Pearl Harbor bombing in order to prevent the adult Tony from ceasing to exist.

King supports the principle of the No Budget, No Pay Act, to prevent members of Congress from being paid until a budget is passed, but would seek a requirement that any passed budget " works " and is not simply a bad budget passed to meet the requirement.

The harm principle holds that the actions of individuals should only be limited to prevent harm to other individuals.

John Stuart Mill articulated this principle in On Liberty, where he argued that " the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.