Supplementation with pyridoxine, folic acid, B < sub > 12 </ sub >, or trimethylglycine ( betaine ) reduces the concentration of homocysteine in the bloodstream .< ref name =" NYT2006-Crichton "> Legal note: Metabolite Laboratories is defending a patent as of March 2006 that may cover the mere mention or consideration of the relationship of vitamin B < sub > 12 </ sub > and homocysteine levels.

Tobacco smoking is the main known contributor to urinary bladder cancer ; in most populations, smoking is associated with over half of bladder cancer cases in men and one-third of cases among women .< ref > There is a linear relationship between smoking and risk, and quitting smoking reduces the risk.

The first study found a roughly linear relationship between length of membership and abstinence with reduced anxiety and increase self-esteem While the NA sample had higher anxiety than the non-addicted comparison groups, these levels were equivalent for those with three or more years membership, which is consistent with the hypothesis that NA membership reduces anxiety as well as substance use.

It is obvious that the graph minor relationship does not contain any infinite descending chain, because each contraction or deletion reduces the number of edges and vertices of the graph ( a non-negative integer ).

As a symbiotic relationship, VMI makes it less likely that a business will unintentionally become out of stock of a good and reduces inventory in the supply chain.

He awakens in her the realization that she is the kind of woman who reduces men to cowering wimps but who cannot, perhaps somewhat paradoxically, put together a sound, completely fulfilling relationship.

As they assume a more stable phase relationship, the amount of energy gradually reduces to zero.

Conversely, they allow it in forwards applied bias where the applied bias reduces the built in potential barrier.

Although the theory of special relativity forbids objects to have a relative velocity greater than light speed, and general relativity reduces to special relativity in a local sense ( in small regions of spacetime where curvature is negligible ), general relativity does allow the space between distant objects to expand in such a way that they have a " recession velocity " which exceeds the speed of light, and it is thought that galaxies which are at a distance of more than about 14 billion light-years from us today have a recession velocity which is faster than light.

Various reasons have been suggested for the resistance to the Celsius system in the U. S., including the larger size of each degree Celsius ( resulting in the need for decimals where integer Fahrenheit degrees were adequate for much non-technical work ), the lower zero point in the Fahrenheit system ( which reduces the number of negative signs when measurements such as weather data were averaged ), and the more intuitive alignment of its 0-100 scale to the ordinary range of outdoor temperatures seen in most of the U. S. ( e. g., 0 ° F

However, the general theory reduces to the special theory over sufficiently small regions of spacetime, where curvature effects become less important and the earlier inertial frame arguments can come back into play.

Classical theory of crystals reduces crystals to point lattices where each point is the center of mass of one of the identical units of the crystal.

However, playing on edges where an opponent cannot easily respond drastically reduces possible moves for that opponent.

Such relays are used to switch low-voltage signals ( one volt or less ) where the mercury reduces the contact resistance and associated voltage drop, for low-current signals where surface contamination may make for a poor contact, or for high-speed applications where the mercury eliminates contact bounce.

This layout allows for better weight distribution ( with the engine farther aft ), and places the prop farther forward, which reduces the danger of the spinning prop near the stern of the vessel, where riders enter and exit the water.

Thus cutting a cake, where taking a larger piece reduces the amount of cake available for others, is a zero – sum game if all participants value each unit of cake equally ( see marginal utility ).

** Lock contention, in computer science, where a mutual exclusion lock reduces the throughput by hindering the concurrency of a program

Frequency sharing reduces the potential for mutual interference where the assignment of different frequencies to each user is not practical or possible.

In the case of a dielectric ( where the conductivity is zero ), the equation reduces to

Fractals are sometimes combined with human-assisted evolutionary algorithms, either by iteratively choosing good-looking specimens in a set of random variations of a fractal artwork and producing new variations, to avoid dealing cumbersome or unpredictable parameters, or collectively, like in the Electric Sheep project, where people use fractal flames rendered with distributed computing as their screensaver and " rate " the flame they are viewing, influencing the server, which reduces the traits of the undesirables, and increases those of the desirables to produce a computer-generated, community-created piece of art.

The pressure cooker speeds cooking considerably at high altitudes, where the lower atmospheric pressure reduces the boiling point of water.

This reduces bulk while still providing enough absorbancy where it is needed.

In uncertain markets where end users must constantly have a certain input of a stock of goods, a combination of forward ( future ) and spot buying reduces uncertainty.

Laplace's theory of celestial mechanics reduces to Kepler's when interplanetary interactions are ignored, and Kepler's reproduces Ptolemy's equant in a coordinate system where the Earth is stationary.

For example, there is no limit where Newton's mechanics reduces to Aristotle's mechanics because Aristotle's mechanics, although academically viable for 18 centuries, do not have any domain of validity.

For discrete time, where payments are separated by large time periods, the transform reduces to a sum, but when payments are ongoing on an almost continual basis, the mathematics of continuous functions can be used as an approximation.

Improving relevant skills, such as problem solving and time management skills, reduces uncertainty and builds confidence, which also reduces the reaction to stress-causing situations where those skills are applicable.

* wireless mesh network where every added radio increases total capacity and reduces the power required at any one node.

The first major application was the relative version of Serre's theorem showing that the cohomology of a coherent sheaf on a complete variety is finite dimensional ; Grothendieck's theorem shows that the higher direct images of coherent sheaves under a proper map are coherent ; this reduces to Serre's theorem over a one-point space.

Modafinil is unique in its effect on sleep ; it increases alertness and reduces drowsiness while the patient is active, but does not inhibit normal sleep.

Ionization is generally undesirable, as it reduces the number of atoms that is available for measurement, i. e., the sensitivity.

If the ratio a '/ a be sufficiently constant, as is often the case, the above relation reduces to the condition of Airy, i. e. tan w '/ tan w = a constant.

That this day coincides with Christian Sabbath is not a bar to the state's secular goals ; it neither reduces its effectiveness for secular purposes nor prevents adherents of other religions from observing their own holy days.

Because the base is deeply affixed to the chest, the weight of the breast is distributed over a greater area, and so reduces the weight-bearing strain upon the chest, shoulder, and back muscles that bear the weight of the bust.

Midazolam is the most commonly prescribed for this use because of its strong sedative actions and fast recovery time, as well as its water solubility, which reduces pain upon injection.

Concrete reduces the risk of structural collapse and is an effective fire shield, providing safe means of escape for occupants and protection for fire fighters.

The hydrogen reduces the growth rate, but the temperature is raised to 850 or even 1050 ° C to compensate.

But as the halting problem is not generally solvable, and therefore calculating any but the first few bits of Chaitin's constant is not possible, this just reduces hard problems to impossible ones, much like trying to build an oracle machine for the halting problem would be.

This reduces the risk of employees stealing from the shop owner by pocketing the money without recording a sale, when a customer does not need a receipt but has to be given change ( cash is more easily checked against recorded sales than inventory ).

Critical psychology is currently the preferred term for the discipline of psychology keen to find alternatives to the way the discipline of psychology reduces human experience to the level of the individual and thereby strips away possibilities for radical social change.

Various introductory texts to critical psychology written in the United Kingdom have tended to focus on discourse, but this has been seen by some proponents of critical psychology as a reduction of human experience to language which is as politically dangerous as the way mainstream psychology reduces experience to the individual mind.

Most lossy compression reduces perceptual redundancy by first identifying sounds which are considered perceptually irrelevant, that is, sounds that are very hard to hear.

In the minimum case, latency is 0 zero samples ( e. g., if the coder / decoder simply reduces the number of bits used to quantize the signal ).

The biological thinning mechanism is not entirely known, but there is strong evidence that p, p '- DDE inhibits calcium ATPase in the membrane of the shell gland and reduces the transport of calcium carbonate from blood into the eggshell gland.

One advantage of keeping the clock frequency down is that it reduces the signal integrity requirements on the circuit board connecting the memory to the controller.