Literary critic Walter Anderson maintains that Conrad is an ardent materialist with an unusual understanding of the implications of this reductionist paradigm.

This reductionist vision of Fanon's work ignores the subtlety of his understanding of the colonial system.

Hegel's position is perhaps best illuminated when contrasted against the atomistic and reductionist view of human societies and social activities self-defining on an ad hoc basis through the sum of dozens of interactions.

When describing the lexicon a reductionist approach is used, trying to remain general while using a minimal description.

Microevolution is reductionist, but macroevolution is holistic.

In this limited sense, there is a nascent Relativism and Constructionism within the French Structuralists that was consciously addressed by them but never examined to the point of dismantling their reductionist tendencies.

One view is the hard reductionist position that the ToE is the fundamental law and that all other theories that apply within the universe are a consequence of the ToE.

Often color in printmaking that involves etching, screenprinting, woodcut, or linocut is applied by either using separate plates, blocks or screens or by using a reductionist approach.

The reductionist approach to producing color is to start with a lino or wood block that is either blank or with a simple etching.

Technological determinism is a reductionist theory that presumes that a society's technology drives the development of its social structure and cultural values.

Sigmund Freud's idea that religion is nothing more than an illusion, or even a mental illness, and the Marxist view that religion is " the sigh of the oppressed ," providing only " the illusory happiness of the people ," are two other influential reductionist explanations of religion.

( A dualist who is an ontological reductionist would believe that everything is reducible to two substances-as one possible example, a dualist might claim that reality is composed of " matter " and " spirit ".

Classical mechanics in particular is seen as a reductionist framework, and statistical mechanics can be viewed as a reconciliation of macroscopic thermodynamic laws with the reductionist approach of explaining macroscopic properties in terms of microscopic components.

A contrast to the reductionist approach is holism or emergentism.

The conflict between reductionism and holism in science is not universal — it usually centers on whether or not a holistic or reductionist approach is appropriate in the context of studying a specific system or phenomenon.

Scientists who use reductionist methods often take an approach that relies on contradicting previous contributions in their own context to science in order to validate a new theory, when sometimes there is no need to disprove existing theories in order to provide new insight.

Traditional biology ( and philosophy of biology ) has seen such processes as being purely physical and, being influenced by a reductionist and mechanistic tradition, has adopted a very restricted notion of the physical as having to do with only efficient causation.

His works are generally composed according to very stringent minimal principles, which he refers to as " reductionist principles of composing.

But if, as Parfit argues, a reductionist theory of personal identity holds, then the difference between different persons at the same time is more like the difference between the same persons at different times.

It requires that we develop ways of thinking about integration that are as rigorous as our reductionist programmes, but different .... It means changing our philosophy, in the full sense of the term " ( Denis Noble ).

Different logical positivists construed this doctrine in several different ways, e. g. as a reductionist thesis, that the objects investigated by the special sciences reduce to the objects of a common, putatively more basic domain of science, usually thought to be physics ; as the thesis that all of the theories and results of the various sciences can or ought to be expressed in a common language or " universal slang "; or as the thesis that all the special sciences share a common method.

" Language-planning " and syntactical techniques derived from these developments were used to defend logicism in the philosophy of mathematics and various reductionist theses.

Although it has been argued that zombies in an observed world are indistinguishable from the observer ( and therefore non-existent ) under the assumption of reductionist physicalism, it has also been argued that zombies are not conceivable.

He is a reductionist, believing that since there is no adequate criterion of personal identity, people do not exist apart from their components.

Fellow reductionist Mark Johnston of Princeton rejects Parfit's constitutive notion of identity with what he calls an " Argument from Above ".

This is in contrast to the traditional, reductionist biomedical model of medicine that suggests every disease process can be explained in terms of an underlying deviation from normal function such as a pathogen, genetic or developmental abnormality, or injury.

The position of the Roman Catholic Church on the theory of evolution has changed over the last two centuries from a large period of no official mention, to a statement of neutrality in the 1950s, to limited guarded acceptance in recent years, rejecting the materialistic and reductionist philosophies behind it, and insisting that the human soul was immediately infused by God, and the reality of a single human ancestor ( commonly called monogenism ) for all of mankind.

Structural racialization borrows from system theory, which examines the interactions among institutions and entities and rejects reductionist thought ; thus, there is a mutual, cumulative causation instead of a single cause.

The Federation for American Immigration Reform has spoken out in 2004 against the views of another reductionist leader, Virginia Abernethy, calling her views " repulsive separatist views ," and called on her to resign from the advisory board of Protect Arizona Now in Arizona.

Chemical biology is one of many interfacial sciences that are characteristic of a general trend away from older, reductionist fields toward those whose goals are to achieve a description of scientific holism.

According to naturalist author Mary Ellen Pitts, in the " seminal " Darwin's Century, Eiseley was studying the history of evolutionary thinking, and he came to see that " as a result of scientific studies, nature has become externalized, particularized, mechanized, separated from the human and fragmented, reduced to conflict without consideration of cooperation, confined to reductionist and positivist study.

Nevertheless the initial vision of a possible basis for a rational astrology arose from a vantage point of Platonic contemplation, rather than the reductionist myopia of the modern age.

* " Superb ... the work of a man who is struggling with the utmost seriousness to save our humanity from the reductionist onslaught of one of the most prestigious, and richly funded technologies of our time.

* As a paradigm, usually defined in antithesis to the so-called reductionist paradigm ( biological organisation ), although fully consistent with the scientific method.

Historicism may be contrasted with reductionist theories, which suppose that all developments can be explained by fundamental principles ( such as in economic determinism ), or theories that posit historical changes as result of random chance.

The reductionist viewpoint, supported by John McDowell and others, has tried to tackle the first two propositions 1 and 2 ( above ), by putting forth certain modes of expression ( such as being in pain ) as privileged and allowing us direct access to the other's mind.

It has been argued that the generally accepted method of justifying mathematical axioms by their usefulness in common practice can potentially undermine Zermelo's reductionist program.

Poole's Monsters in America, the film is argued to be an indictment of the damage to the human personality caused by reductionist modern ideologies both of the Right and the Left.

10 ) The World Social Forum is opposed to all totalitarian and reductionist views of economy, development and history and to the use of violence as a means of social control by the State.

" However she makes the point that " these alternative modes of knowing, which are oriented to the social benefits and sustenance needs are not recognized by the capitalist reductionist paradigm, because it fails to perceive the interconnectedness of nature, or the connection of women's lives, work and knowledge with the creation of wealth.

When the arm and hand move to pick up the rock (" E ") this is not caused by the preceding mental event M, nor by M and P together, but only by P. The physical causes are in principle reducible to fundamental physics, and therefore mental causes are eliminated using this reductionist explanation.

Dunning and Sheard suggest that the endorsement of a " reductionist " origin myth by the Rugbeians was an attempt to assert their school's position and authority over a sport that they were losing control of.

* Rather than trying to improve the braking system on a car by looking in great detail at the material composition of the brake pads ( reductionist ), the boundary of the braking system may be extended to include the interactions between the:

He says that the worldview of MVAH is closer to the reality described by 20th century physics, which challenged the reductionist materialist worldview by finding that quantum mechanical phenomena contradict the idea of solid matter, that causality is less definite, that material existence is connected in unexpected and nonlocal ways, and that a reductionist view is untenable at the quantum level.

He serves on the Advisory Board of The Occidental Quarterly, a journal that has been described by Max Blumenthal on the website of liberal magazine The American Prospect as " the premier voice of the white-nationalist movement ", and makes occasional contributions to VDARE. com, an immigration reductionist webzine.

Some on the left adopted the rhetoric, which it has been argued, was made possible by their lack of knowledge of the history of fascism and its use of " scapegoating, reductionist and simplistic solutions, demagoguery, and a conspiracy theory of history.

Commentator Sunny Hundal, writing for The Guardian, stated that it is " reductionist " to assign political opinions to a collective guilt such as " white guilt " and that few people on the left actually hold the views being ascribed to them by the conservative writers who expound on the concept of " white guilt " and its implications.

:" The reductionist approach has successfully identified most of the components and many of the interactions but, unfortunately, offers no convincing concepts or methods to understand how system properties emerge ... the pluralism of causes and effects in biological networks is better addressed by observing, through quantitative measures, multiple components simultaneously and by rigorous data integration with mathematical models " ( Sauer et al.