There is no single written expression or definition from this era that exactly corresponds with a modern understanding of the term " republic.

This Roman Republic would, by a modern understanding of the word, still be defined as a true republic, even if not coinciding entirely.

The new president, who was a moderate federalist republican, defended the necessity of arriving at an understanding with the more moderate or conservative groups and a slow transition toward a federal republic.

" Yanin's theory challenged historians ' understanding of the Novgorod Republic, showing it to be a boyar republic with little or no democratic elements.

But the current understanding of Passeroidea phylogeny is better reflected in keeping the fundamental nine-primaried oscine clades as distinct families.

Rockingham assumed the Premiership " on the distinct understanding that measures were to be changed as well as men ; and that the measures for which the new ministry required the royal consent were the measures which they, while in opposition, had advocated.

Philosophy can be seen as a distinct activity, which is aimed towards a more comprehensive understanding of intangible aspects of reality and experience that cannot be physically measured.

Oil on panel. A Lutheran understanding of the Eucharist is distinct from the Reformed doctrine of the Eucharist in that Lutherans affirm a real, physical presence of Christ in the Eucharist ( as opposed to either a " spiritual presence " or a " memorial ") and Lutherans affirm that the presence of Christ does not depend on the faith of the recipient ; the repentant receive Christ in the Eucharist worthily, the unrepentant who receive the Eucharist risk the wrath of Christ.

It is thus closely associated with semantics but is distinct from psycholinguistics, which draws upon empirical findings from cognitive psychology in order to explain the mental processes that underlie the acquisition, storage, production and understanding of speech and writing.

His system for creating popular fiction is compatible with, but distinct from, the classical understanding of plot.

The will is in turn important within philosophy because a person's will is one of the most distinct parts of their mind, along with reason and understanding.

At present, it seems to people that the mental and the physical are irreducibly distinct but that is not a metaphysical insight, or an acknowledgment of an irreducible explanatory gap, but simply where people are at their present stage of understanding.

Chick and Charles James Martin discovered that the process of protein denaturation was distinct from protein coagulation ( or flocculation ), beginning the modern understanding of protein folding.

It contains several distinct concepts, which are limit cases that never occur in reality but allow an understanding of the physics of waves, and has become a very important concept in quantum physics.

They view this understanding of " catholic "— often but not always written with a lower-case " c "— as necessarily distinct from any concrete expression in an institutional church.

*" I have been using the word ethnomathematics as modes, styles, and techniques ( tics ) of explanation, of understanding, and of coping with the natural and cultural environment ( mathema ) in distinct cultural systems ( ethnos )".

From this basic understanding, the use of common compounds such as tetrodotoxin, tetraethylammonium, and bungarotoxins have led to a much deeper understanding of the distinct ways in which individual neurons may behave.

This understanding of secularization is also distinct from ( 1 ) above in that it refers specifically to religious decline rather than societal differentiation.

Sunyaev and Zel ’ dovich stated in their 1970 paper, “ A detailed investigation of the spectrum of fluctuations may, in principle, lead to an understanding of the nature of initial density perturbations since a distinct periodic dependence of the spectral density of perturbations on wavelength ( mass ) is peculiar to adiabatic perturbations .” CMB experiments have now seen this distinctive scale in temperature and polarization measurements.

In the preface, Fisher considers some general points, including that there must be an understanding of natural selection distinct from that of evolution, and that the then-recent advances in the field of genetics ( see history of genetics ) now allowed this.

It is distinct from syncretism or alternative religion, in that dialogue often involves promoting understanding between different religions to increase acceptance of others, rather than to synthesize new beliefs.

The Marxist understanding of commodity is distinct from the meaning of commodity in mainstream business theory.

They are intrinsic in living nature, but we can access them, not directly, but indirectly through other sign processes ( qualitative distinction methods, for instance ) – even though the human representation and understanding of these processes ( in the construction of explanations ) builds up as a separate scientific sign system distinct from the organisms ’ own sign processes.

In recent years Mackay's life has been celebrated by advocates of a Taiwanese identity and historical understanding that stands distinct from the narratives brought to the island by Japan and China.

Although the development of ethology as a distinct discipline was crucial to the advent of neuroethology, equally important was the development of a more comprehensive understanding of Neuroscience.

The Tla-o-qui-aht hereditary system was a complex form of self-government that integrated a distinct worldview characterized by a deep understanding of ancestry and manifest evolution.

Ropert to retain Father Wendelin in view of his long and faithful services at the Kalaupapa Settlement ) be granted on the distinct understanding that Father Wendelin attend strictly to his clerical duties in the future ..." Father Wendelin, appreciative of Msgr.

Whitehead contends that the human way of understanding existence as a unity of interlocking and interdependent processes which constitute each other and which cause each other to be and not to be is possible only because the basic form of such an understanding, for all its vagueness and tendency to mistake the detail, is initially given in the way man feels the world.

Thus, from the human body, the usual form assigned to the Deity, forasmuch as it is written that God created man in his own image, issue the two supporters, Nous and Logos, symbols of the inner sense and the quickening understanding, as typified by the serpents, for the same reason that had induced the old Greeks to assign this reptile for an attribute to Pallas.

Much of the current work in cosmology includes understanding how galaxies form in the context of the Big Bang, understanding the physics of the Universe at earlier and earlier times, and reconciling observations with the basic theory.

According to critic Geoffrey Blum, the process that saw its beginnings in 1942's Pirate Gold first bore its full fruit in 1950's ' Vacation Time ,' which he describes as ' a visual primer for reading comics and understanding ... the form ...." From the early 1950s Barks undertook the quarterly adventures of Uncle Scrooge and the duck clan in Scrooge's own title.

Whereas the written Torah has a fixed form, the Oral Torah is a living tradition that includes not only specific supplements to the written Torah ( for instance, what is the proper manner of shechita and what is meant by " Frontlets " in the Shema ), but also procedures for understanding and talking about the written Torah ( thus, the Oral Torah revealed at Sinai includes debates among rabbis who lived long after Moses ).

Critical social theory is, in contrast, a form of self-reflective knowledge involving both understanding and theoretical explanation to reduce entrapment in systems of domination or dependence, obeying the emancipatory interest in expanding the scope of autonomy and reducing the scope of domination.

According to some of their contemporary enemies Cathars did not accept the Trinitarian understanding of Jesus, but considered him the human form of an angel similar to Docetic Christology.

In this book and a series of associated articles between 1925 and 1928, Westermann both identified a large number of roots that form the basis of our understanding of Niger – Congo and set out the evidence for the coherence of many of the families that constitute it.

Still attracting strongly negative reactions, in the 1890s Munch did begin to receive some understanding of his artistic goals, as one critic wrote, " With ruthless contempt for form, clarity, elegance, wholeness, and realism, he paints with intuitive strength of talent the most subtle visions of the soul.

In its specific form, the ELIZA effect refers only to " the susceptibility of people to read far more understanding than is warranted into strings of symbols — especially words — strung together by computers ".

Today, Fick's Laws form the core of our understanding of diffusion in solids, liquids, and gases ( in the absence of bulk fluid motion in the latter two cases ).

Complex rules, such as the rule of tincture, apply to the physical and artistic form of newly created arms, and a thorough understanding of these rules is essential to the art of heraldry.

Her example of love is considered to be beyond the understanding of material realm as it surpasses any form of selfish love or lust that is visibile in the material world.

If the generator tool complains about some parts of your grammar, you may need some understanding of states and the difference between LR and LALR in order to tweak your grammar into an acceptable form.

Natural language understanding involves the identification of the intended semantic from the multiple possible semantics which can be derived from a natural language expression which usually takes the form of organized notations of natural languages concepts.

Right view has many facets ; its elementary form is suitable for lay followers, while the other form, which requires deeper understanding, is suitable for monastics.

The current understanding is that repeating nucleosomes with intervening " linker " DNA form a 10-nm-fiber, described as " beads on a string ", and have a packing ratio of about five to ten.

This means that the person involved should have legal capacity to give consent ; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit, duress, over-reaching, or other ulterior form of constraint or coercion ; and should have sufficient knowledge and comprehension of the elements of the subject matter involved as to enable him / her to make an understanding and enlightened decision.

Such arguments typically claim that the relationship between a particular and its form is very intelligible and easily grasped ; that people unproblematically apply Platonic theory in everyday life ; and that the inherence criticism is only created by the artificial demand to explain the normal understanding of inherence as if it were highly problematic.

Quantum mechanics is also critically important for understanding how individual atoms combine covalently to form molecules.

The task of understanding is not to replicate in conceptual form something that already exists, but rather to create a wholly new realm, that together with the world given to our senses constitutes the fullness of reality.