An early understanding of apostolic succession is represented by the traditional claims of various churches, as organized around important episcopal sees, to have been founded by specific apostles.

The traditional Buddhist understanding of non-violence is not as rigid as the Jain one, but like the Jains, Buddhists have always condemned the killing of all living beings.

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of salvation was that being rooted in " the seed of Abraham " referred to physical lineage from Abraham.

Gilbert Ryle, for example, argued that traditional understanding of consciousness depends on a Cartesian dualist outlook that improperly distinguishes between mind and body, or between mind and world.

The traditional Jewish understanding of the messiah is that he is fully human and born of human parents without any supernatural element.

Critical theory was first defined by Max Horkheimer of the Frankfurt School of sociology in his 1937 essay Traditional and Critical Theory: Critical theory is a social theory oriented toward critiquing and changing society as a whole, in contrast to traditional theory oriented only to understanding or explaining it.

Diocletian was conservative in matters of religion, a man faithful to the traditional Roman pantheon and understanding of demands for religious purification, but Eusebius, Lactantius and Constantine state that it was Galerius, not Diocletian, who was the prime supporter of the purge, and its greatest beneficiary.

The influence of Richard Hooker was crucial to an evolution in this understanding in which bishops came to be seen in their more traditional role as ones who delegate to the presbyterate inherited powers, act as pastors to presbyters, and holding a particular teaching office with respect to the wider church.

All three understood Haiti's traditional way of exercising power, but they lacked a thorough understanding of what would be required to make the transition to an elected civilian government.

Hadith are regarded by traditional Islamic schools of jurisprudence as important tools for understanding the Quran and in matters of jurisprudence.

Most of the government's new policies clashed directly with the traditional Afghan understanding of Islam, making religion one of the only forces capable of unifying the tribally and ethnically divided population against the unpopular new government, and ushering in the advent of Islamist participation in Afghan politics.

Chosen for a good voice, knowledge of traditional tunes, understanding of the meaning of the prayers and sincerity in reciting them.

In Dewey's article " The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology " which appeared in Psychological Review in 1896, he reasons against the traditional stimulus-response understanding of the reflex arc in favor of a " circular " account in which what serves as " stimulus " and what as " response " depends on how one considers the situation, and defends the unitary nature of the sensory motor circuit.

Advantages of a memetic approach as compared to more traditional " modernization " and " supply side " theses in understanding the evolution and propagation of religion were explored.

The intensity of debate spurred Catholic Church interventions against " heresy " and even a general confiscation of Rabbinic texts and in reaction, the defeat of the more radical interpretations of Maimonides and at least amongst Ashkenazi Jews, a tendency not so much to repudiate as simply to ignore the specifically philosophical writings and to stress instead the Rabbinic and halachic writings ; even these writings often included considerable philosophical chapters or discussions in support of halachic observance, as David Hartman observes Maimonides made clear " the traditional support for a philosophical understanding of God both in the Aggadah of Talmud and in the behavior of the hasid pious Jew " and so Maimonidean thought continues to influence traditionally observant Jews.

:* Polymer properties, synthesis, and characterization, for a specialized understanding of how polymers behave, how they are made, and how they are characterized ; exciting applications of polymers include liquid crystal displays ( LCDs, the displays found in most cell phones, cameras, and iPods ), novel photovoltaic devices based on semiconductor polymers ( which, unlike the traditional silicon solar panels, are flexible and cheap to manufacture, albeit with lower efficiency ), and membranes for room-temperature fuel cells ( as proton exchange membranes ) and filtration systems in the environmental and biomedical fields

The traditional definition of climate is pushed in to larger timescales with the further understanding of how the global oscillations cause both climate and weather disturbances in the synoptic and mesoscale timescales.

Methodism affirms the traditional Christian belief in the triune Godhead: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, as well as the orthodox understanding of the consubstantial humanity and divinity of Jesus.

Machiavelli felt that his early schooling along the lines of a traditional classical education was essentially useless for the purpose of understanding politics.

Najemy shows how Machiavelli's friend Vettori argued against Machiavelli and cited a more traditional understanding of fortune.

These ideas foreshadowed our understanding of traditional physics until the nature of atoms was discovered in the 20th century.

The Encyclopaedia Britannica comments that " the consensus of the great majority of scholars today is that the most obvious and traditional understanding should be construed, namely, that rock refers to the person of Peter ".

By 1912 the German administration had apparently achieved its long-term objective of understanding the traditional forces in Samoa politics while maintaining a semblance of local participation in government.

In traditional Christian understanding of the holy Hebrew scriptures, the Torah, Satan is a synonym for the Devil.

Better understanding of the hazards of eating raw and undercooked fish and shellfish has led to improved preservation methods and processing.

The preservation of an extremely diverse faunal assemblage renders the Maotianshan shale the world ’ s most important locality for understanding the evolution of early multi-cellular life, and particularly the members of phylum Chordata, which includes all vertebrates.

In 1995 the was established to increase preservation work, enforce research, and to increase understanding of the cats.

In 2010, the Japanese government honored Kogawa with the Order of the Rising Sun " for her contribution to the understanding and preservation of Japanese Canadian history.

We will achieve this vision by increasing scientific knowledge and understanding of the earth's environment, promoting preservation of diverse ecosystems, advancing responsible resource management, and improving human health and welfare.

World Company's position, as expressed by M. Sylvestre, is to make as much money as possible without regard for the welfare or happiness of the people, or ecological preservation, and reflects a Marxist understanding of corporations.

The right to free speech, to religion, to expression, to peacefully assemble, to hold governments accountable for their actions, and the right of knowledge and understanding, helps ensure the preservation of democracy.

ECO Cultural Institute ( ECI ) is affiliated with ECO and aims at fostering understanding and the preservation of the rich cultural heritage of its members through common projects in the field of the media, literature, art, philosophy, sport and education.

" The preservation of our overseas colonies makes it indispensable for us to have a good intelligence with the powers which now possess the command of the sea ," commented José da Cunha Brochado, the Portuguese minister in London, " the cost is heavy, but for us such an understanding is essential.

* 1980: Tourism's contribution to the preservation of cultural heritage and to peace and mutual understanding

* The Paul Rudolph Foundation-dedicated to furthering the preservation, knowledge and understanding of Paul Rudolph's work.

ONE Archives ' mission statement reads as follows: “ ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives Inc. promotes the collection, preservation, documentation and understanding of LGBTQA history and culture by providing support for ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives at the University of Southern California Libraries and by presenting events, exhibitions and other activities.

Will Steger ( born August 27, 1944 in Richfield, Minnesota ) is a prominent spokesperson for the understanding and preservation of the Arctic and has led some of the most significant feats in the field of dogsled expeditions ; such as the first confirmed dogsled journey to the North Pole ( without re-supply ) in 1986, the 1, 600-mile south-north traverse of Greenland-the longest unsupported dogsled expedition in history during 1988, the historic 3, 471-mile International Trans-Antarctic Expedition-the first dogsled traverse of Antarctica ( 1989 – 90 ), and the International Arctic Project-the first and only dogsled traverse of the Arctic Ocean from Russia to Ellesmere Island in Canada during 1995.

Historic New England is a museum of cultural history which collects and preserves buildings, landscapes, and objects dating from the seventeenth century to the present and uses them to keep history alive and to help people develop a deeper understanding and enjoyment of New England life and appreciation for its preservation.

In addition to preserving Civil War battlefield land, the Civil War Trust conducts programs designed to inform the public about the events and consequences of the Civil War, foster an understanding of the need for preservation, and create a personal connection to the past.

During the last one, he ended a deadlock in discussions by personally advocating surrender with one condition, the preservation of the Kokutai, " with the understanding that the said declaration does not comprise any demand that prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a sovereign ruler.

In the foreword of the 346 page book the authors state that, " The main purpose of this book is to give an understanding of the chemical principles upon which good practices in food preparation and preservation are based.