Some find reliabilism of justification objectionable because it entails externalism, which is the view that one can have knowledge, or have a justified belief, despite not knowing ( having " access " to ) the evidence, or other circumstances, that make the belief justified.

Sociologist Carl L. Bankston has argued that a secular, leftist view of social justice entails viewing the redistribution of goods and resources as based on the rights of disadvantaged categories of people, rather than on compassion or national interest.

Individual practice entails chanting Nam-Myōhō-Renge-Kyō daily and reciting excerpts from the ( 2nd ) and the ( 16th ) chapters of the Lotus Sutra ; studying the life and works of Nichiren ; and sharing with others a Nichiren Buddhist view of life and living.

Despite the view that magic is less than rational and entails an inferior concept of causality, in The Savage Mind ( 1966 ), Claude Lévi-Strauss suggested that magical procedures are relatively effective in exerting control over the environment.

A major problem sometimes pointed out with that view is that it entails circular proof: we know next to nothing about how the authority of the ruler was envisaged in heathen times, while we know some more of the Christian ideology of kingship, and obviously the Christian kingdom would underline the break with the pagan past, but this does not really allow the conclusion that there could have been no fixed and religiously connected ideas of the authority of the ruler in pre-Christian times.

" The camaraderie amoureuse thesis ", he explained, " entails a free contract of association ( that may be annulled without notice, following prior agreement ) reached between anarchist individualists of different genders, adhering to the necessary standards of sexual hygiene, with a view toward protecting the other parties to the contract from certain risks of the amorous experience, such as rejection, rupture, exclusivism, possessiveness, unicity, coquetry, whims, indifference, flirtatiousness, disregard for others, and prostitution.

This Lipsian view, translated to politics, entails rationalisation of the state and its apparatus of government, autocratic rule by the prince, discipline dispensed to subjects, and strong military defence.

It is hard to know what counts as evidence for the validity of a world view and the therapeutic it entails.

This view entails that minds are no more than the mental contents which may be causally generated in them by their respective brains.

To those who believe that consciousness entails something more than behaving in all ways conscious, Dennett's view is seen as eliminativist, since it denies the existence of qualia and the possibility of philosophical zombies.

This view of order necessarily departs from any notion which entails signalling, and therefore causality.

In Regan's view, not to be used as a means entails the right to be treated with respect, which includes the right not to be harmed.

; arbitration: the result of arbitrating two knowledge bases and entails ; this condition formalizes the assumption of maintaining as much as the old information as possible, as it is equivalent to imposing that every formula entailed by both knowledge bases is also entailed by the result of their arbitration ; in a possible world view, the " real " world is assumed one of the worlds considered possible according to at least one of the two knowledge bases ;

" The camaraderie amoureuse thesis entails a free contract of association ( that may be annulled without notice, following prior agreement ) reached between anarchist individualists of different genders, adhering to the necessary standards of sexual hygiene, with a view toward protecting the other parties to the contract from certain risks of the amorous experience, such as rejection, rupture, exclusivism, possessiveness, unicity, coquetry, whims, indifference, flirtatiousness, disregard for others, and prostitution.

Paton attempts to create an unbiased and objective view of the dichotomies this entails: he depicts the Whites as affected by ' native crime ', while the Blacks suffer from social instability and moral issues due to the breakdown of the tribal system.

Harvey ’ s interpretation has been criticized by Brass ( 2011 ), who disputes the view that what is described as present-day primitive accumulation, or accumulation by dispossession, entails proletarianization.

Thus, in view of the increased prescription of waiting period in the case of a widow, it seems that the waiting period prescribed for a widow entails other purposes, besides merely ascertaining the woman's position with reference to pregnancy.

Venting is one common method ; this entails gently squeezing the duckling to cause feces to be expelled, which forces the cloaca to open slightly, permitting the sexer to view the sexual organs ; however, these are almost undifferentiated in hatchlings.

The maturity in this point of view lies in its recognition that no basic problem is ever solved without being clearly understood.

From the manufacturer's point of view, the increasing cost of advertising and promotion is a very real problem to be faced in the sixties.

Shortly before his nomination he had set forth his basic view about the problem of negotiations with the Soviet leader in these words:

Laissez-faire advocates criticize the term as an ideologically motivated attempt to cast what is in their view the fundamental problem of government intervention or “ investments ” as an avoidable aberration ; free-market advocates refer to governmental favoritism as " crony socialism ", " venture socialism " or " corporatism, a modern form of mercantilism " to emphasize that the only way to run a profitable business in such systems is to have help from corrupt government officials.

* for serious bias in point of view ( subject-object problem or God's eye view )

The problem with this view is that there appears to be no such scope distinction in the case of proper names.

A common light trespass problem occurs when a strong light enters the window of one's home from the outside, causing problems such as sleep deprivation or the blocking of an evening view.

This view was criticized by Plato in the Euthyphro ( see the Euthyphro problem ) but retains some modern defenders ( Robert Adams, Philip Quinn, and others ).

In contemporary analytic philosophy, the issue of subject — and more specifically the " point of view " of the subject, or " subjectivity " -- has received attention as one of the major intractable problems in philosophy of mind ( a related issue being the mind-body problem ).

Harvey A. Silverglate, a prominent defense attorney who represented Milken during the appellate process, disputes that view in his book Three Felonies a Day: “ Milken ’ s biggest problem was that some of his most ingenious but entirely lawful maneuvers were viewed, by those who initially did not understand them, as felonious, precisely because they were novel – and often extremely profitable .”

Nominalism is primarily a position on the problem of universals, which dates back at least to Plato, and is opposed to realism — the view that universals do exist over and above particulars.

The main criticism of this view is that it does not provide a sufficient solution to the problem of universals.

The materialistic view of the mind-body problem holds that mental disorders arise from physical processes ; in this view, the distinction between brain and mind, and therefore between organic and functional disease, is an artificial one.

I believe that from a fundamental point of view, this is a very interesting and serious problem.

" According to the latter, skepticism is treated as a problem to be solved, or challenge to be met, or threat to be parried ; skepticism's value on this view, insofar as it is deemed to have one, accrues from its role as a foil contrastively illuminating what is required for knowledge and justified belief.

* From a New institutional economics point of view, standardization process starts with a social problem known as " coordination dilemma ".

Leo Strauss ( in The City and Man ) locates the problem in the nature of Athenian democracy itself, about which, he argued, Thucydides had a deeply ambivalent view: on one hand, Thucydides ' own " wisdom was made possible " by the Periclean democracy, which had the effect of liberating individual daring, enterprise and questioning spirit, but this same liberation, by permitting the growth of limitless political ambition, led to imperialism and, eventually, civic strife.

Joseph Ratzinger, later elected pope, identified three overall motifs in Dei Verbum: ( 1 ) the new view of the phenomenon of tradition ; ( 2 ) the theological problem of the application of critical historical methods to the interpretation of Scripture ; and ( 3 ) the biblical movement that had been growing from the turn of the twentieth century.

The voltage-control model requires an exponential function to be taken into account, but when it is linearized such that the transistor can be modelled as a transconductance, as in the Ebers – Moll model, design for circuits such as differential amplifiers again becomes a mostly linear problem, so the voltage-control view is often preferred.

As per the proclaimed view, this would not only contributes to the major social problem of drug abuse but also financially supports insurgent groups that collaborate with drug traffickers in some cocaine-producing territories.

These authors claim that the " result assumption " ( see above ) is inconsistent with the view that there is no measurement problem in the predictable outcome ( i. e. single-outcome ) case.

In 1965, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs ' Fourteenth Report noted, " The Committee was pleased to note the resolution of the Economic and Social Council with respect to khat, confirming the view that the abuse of this substance is a regional problem and may best be controlled at that level ".

Some historians have found his point of view not to their taste, others have complained that he makes the Tory tradition appear `` contemptible rather than intelligible '', while a sympathetic critic has remarked that the `` intricate interplay of social dynamics and political activity of which, at times, politicians are the ignorant marionettes is not a field for the exercise of his talents ''.

While casuistry makes use of ethical theory, it does not view ethical theory as the most important feature of moral reasoning.

Pervo sees Luke ’ s work as a “ legitimizing narrative ” because it makes “ a case by telling a story ( or stories )” and serves to legitimate either “ Pauline Christianity ( possibly in rivalry to other interpretations ) or generally as the claim of the Jesus-movement to possess the Israelite heritage .” On the other hand, some scholars greatly disagree with the view of legitimation because they believe that it “ mirror-reads ” Luke ’ s work attempting to uncover the circumstances surrounding Luke ’ s work by over-arguing something that may not be that valid.

In this view, Christianity is seen as a religion in its own right, rather than a subset of Judaism, if one makes the common assumption that Judaism is not universal, however see Noahide Laws and Christianity and Judaism for details.

From a philosophical point of view, what makes the brain special in comparison to other organs is that it forms the physical structure that generates the mind.

For most Christians, it is the stated or " confessed " belief in Jesus as Savior that makes God's grace available to an individual, and salvation can come no other way ( Solus Christus in Protestantism, Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus in Catholicism, see Dual covenant theology for a dissenting view ).

It is handled as a single database by a federated database management system ( FDBMS ), which transparently integrates multiple autonomous DBMSs, possibly of different types ( which makes it a heterogeneous database ), and provides them with an integrated conceptual view.

* 1980: The Internacia Junulara Kongreso ( International Youth Congress ) in Rauma, Finland makes explicit the view of many in the Esperanto movement that Esperanto is a goal in itself.

:" I call your own kind self to witness [...] the last pages of Heart of Darkness where the interview of the man and the girl locks in — as it were — the whole 30000 words of narrative description into one suggestive view of a whole phase of life and makes of that story something quite on another plane than an anecdote of a man who went mad in the Centre of Africa.

The Apostles ' Creed makes no explicit statements about the divinity of the Son and the Holy Spirit, but, in the view of many who use it, the doctrine is implicit in it.

Form Nichiren ’ s point of view, however, his uncompromising stance was to save people from sufferings: “ Even in the case of the Nembutsu priests, the Zen priests, and the True Word teachers, and the ruler of the nation and other men of authority, all of whom bear me such hatred — I admonish them because I want to help them, and their hatred for me makes me pity them all the more ”.

This is a descriptive rather than normative view, since it only makes claims about how things are, not how they ought to be.

However, not only because of the message conveyed, but also Bearden ’ s vernacular realism represented in the work makes The Visitation noteworthy ; Bearden describes two figures in The Visitation somewhat realistically but does not fully follow the pure realism by distorting and exaggerating some parts of their body, to “ convey an experiential feeling or subjective disposition .” Bearden ’ s quotation also demonstrates his supportive view to vernacular realism: “ the Negro artists must not be content with merely recording a scene as a machine.

It has been argued that the fact that the surviving ballads were preserved in written form in itself makes it unlikely they were typical ; in particular stories with an interest for the gentry were by this view more likely to be preserved.

In Haldeman's view, this makes even Bieber's unimpressive claims of success misleading.

The artificial colouring makes the image easier for non-specialists to view and understand the structures and surfaces revealed in micrographs.

The second view of Saul makes him appear in the most favourable light as man, as hero, and as king.

Such a view may be independently attractive to the theist, as it permits an agreeable interpretation of certain biblical passages, such as "... Who makes peace and creates evil ; I am the Lord, Who makes all these.

::“ there is, from the ethical point of view, no symmetry between suffering and happiness, or between pain and pleasure … In my opinion human suffering makes a direct moral appeal, namely, the appeal for help, while there is no similar call to increase the happiness of a man who is doing well anyway.

The question, however, is not what we usually do, but what we ought to do, and it is difficult to see any sound moral justification for the view that distance, or community membership, makes a crucial difference to our obligations.

Furthermore, because of the LMC's high galactic latitude, an observer there would get an oblique view of the entire galaxy, free from the interference of interstellar dust which makes studying in the Milky Way's plane difficult from Earth.

From the gene-centred view follows that the more two individuals are genetically related, the more sense ( at the level of the genes ) it makes for them to behave selflessly with each other.

His unconditional Divine will view is that the ethics behind the sermon are absolute and unbending, but the current fallen state of the world makes it impossible to live up to them.