The debate was resolved when an electric field was used to deflect the rays by J. J. Thomson.

Junying Yu, James Thomson, and their colleagues at the University of Wisconsin – Madison used a different set of factors, Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28, and carried out their experiments using cells from human foreskin.

Thomson also co-authored the ATSC standard which is used for American high-definition TV.

Joule, however, never used that term, but used instead the term perfect thermo-dynamic engine in reference to Thomson ’ s 1849 phraseology.

This partnership resulted in the Thomson PVR10UK, a stand-alone receiver released in October 2000 that was based on the original reference design used in the United States by both Philips and Sony.

On April 20, 1921, the Thomson – Urrutia Treaty with Colombia was ratified by the Senate and signed by Harding ; that awarded $ 25, 000, 000 as indemnity payment for land used to make the Panama Canal.

Thomson used the eagle – this time specifying an American bald eagle – as the sole supporter on the shield.

It was first used by Thomson on September 16, 1782, to verify signatures on a document which authorized George Washington to negotiate an exchange of prisoners.

During the 1990s the term Cool Britannia ( drawn from a humorous version by the Bonzo Dog Band of the song " Rule Britannia ", with words by James Thomson, which is often used as an unofficial national anthem ), was used to describe the contemporary United Kingdom.

Prof. Elihu Thomson is quoted as having said that had he stopped when he had the tube exhausted he would have had the honor of being the inventor of the incandescent light as used for commercial purposes ... the principle of the incandescent lamp dates several decades before the Woodward experiments, and that King, Chanzy, Farmer and others in the twenty years preceding 1860 made and used incandescent lamps much superior to the very imperfect one upon which Woodward's claims are based.

The mill would go on to expand, and in 1880 the first blast furnace was used at the Edgar Thomson Steel Works.

Author Rupert Thomson used the four temperaments in his dystopian novel Divided Kingdom as the basis for dividing the population of a futuristic society.

In the early days, Cyrix mostly used Texas Instruments production facilities and SGS Thomson ( now STMicroelectronics ).

A saccharometer is a hydrometer used for determining the amount of sugar in a solution, invented by Thomas Thomson.

Fleming had based the actual character on American gold tycoon Charles W. Engelhard, Jr .. Fleming also used a number of his own experiences within the book, and the round of golf played with Goldfinger was based upon a tournament in 1957 at the Berkshire Golf Club in which Fleming partnered the Open winner Peter Thomson.

Because the electron was not identified as a separate physical particle until the 1897 work of J. J. Thomson, the word " electron " was not used when discussing experiments that took place before this date.

Thomson CSF created a system that used thin flexible video discs, which used a transmissive laser system, with light source and pickup on opposite sides of the disc.

* Thomson ( unit ), a unit for measuring a mass-to-charge ratio used in mass spectrometry

It is likely that the term “ functions of state ” was used in a loose sense during the 1850s and 60s by those such as Rudolf Clausius, William Rankine, Peter Tait, William Thomson, and it is clear that by the 1870s the term had acquired a use of its own.

While Annuit cœptis and Novus ordo seclorum appear on the reverse side of the great seal, E pluribus unum appears on the obverse side of the seal ( Designed by Charles Thomson ), the image of which is used as the national emblem of the United States, and appears on official documents such as passports.

In 1852, Thomson published his " On a Universal Tendency in Nature to the Dissipation of Mechanical Energy " in which he outlined the rudiments of the second law of thermodynamics summarized by the view that mechanical motion and the energy used to create that motion will tend to dissipate or run down, naturally.

Although he had left the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, he remained closely connected to its management, namely Thomas A. Scott and J. Edgar Thomson.

Deane and J. R. Thomson write this valid conclusion, “ The Book of Obadiah is occupied with one subject – the punishment of Edom for its cruel and unbrotherly love conduct towards Judah ...” One can link this idea of punishment to one of the major prophets “ Ezekiel ” who “... interprets the exile to Babylon and the destruction of Jerusalem as deserved punishments for the sins of those who themselves committed them .” Verses 3-7 in Obadiah explain to the reader the reason for the punishment theme, “ Confidence in one ’ s power, intelligence, allies, or the topographical features of one ’ s territory is often mentioned as an attribute of those who foolishly confront the Lord and are consequently punished .” Although destruction is vital to understanding Obadiah, it is of note to understand the destruction being a consequence of action.

While some critics lauded the casting of Bill Murray as the voice of the title character, Garfield: The Movie met with mostly negative reviews: Manohla Dargis of the Los Angeles Times called it " soulless excuse for entertainment ", while Desson Thomson of The Washington Post said of the film " There's nothing to recommend about this film except its sheer innocuousness ".

The art of mechanical analog computing reached its zenith with the differential analyzer, built by H. L. Hazen and Vannevar Bush at MIT starting in 1927, which in turn built on the mechanical integrators invented in 1876 by James Thomson and the torque amplifiers invented by H. W. Nieman.

Ravel maintained his influential participation with the SMI which continued its active role of promoting new music, particularly of British and American composers such as Arnold Bax, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Aaron Copland, and Virgil Thomson.

Notable Presidents of IEEE and its founding organizations include Elihu Thomson ( AIEE, 1889 – 1890 ), Alexander Graham Bell ( AIEE, 1891 – 1892 ), Charles Proteus Steinmetz ( AIEE, 1901 – 1902 ), Lee De Forest ( IRE, 1930 ), Frederick E. Terman ( IRE, 1941 ), William R. Hewlett ( IRE, 1954 ), Ernst Weber ( IRE, 1959 ; IEEE, 1963 ), and Ivan Getting ( IEEE, 1978 ).

In August 1999, Childish and Thomson wrote The Stuckists manifesto which places great importance on the value of painting as a medium, as well as its use for communication, the expression of emotion and of experience – as opposed to what Stuckists see as the superficial novelty, nihilism and irony of conceptual art and postmodernism.

On June 13, 1782, the Congress turned to its Secretary Charles Thomson, and provided all material submitted by the first three committees.

Franklin owned a 1702 emblem book, which included an eagle with olive branch and arrows near its talons, which may have been a source for Thomson.

This expansion of its role continued after a brief post-war power struggle with the head of the Special Branch, Sir Basil Thomson.

Three months later, three of the six and eighteen others became the guild's first officers and board of directors: Ralph Morgan ( its first president ), Alden Gay, Kenneth Thomson, Alan Mowbray ( who personally funded the organization when it was first founded ), Leon Ames, Tyler Brooke, Clay Clement, James Gleason, Lucile Webster Gleason, Boris Karloff ( reportedly influenced by long hours suffered during the filming of Frankenstein ), Claude King, Noel Madison, Reginald Mason, Bradley Page, Willard Robertson, Ivan Simpson, C. Aubrey Smith, Charles Starrett, Richard Tucker, Arthur Vinton, Morgan Wallace and Lyle Talbot.

Thomsonfly Limited changed its name to Thomson Airways Limited in November 2008 and the Thomsonfly operating certificate was changed to Thomson Airways with effect from 1 November 2008.

At the time of the merger the company was known as SGS-THOMSON but took its current name in May 1998 following the withdrawal of Thomson SA as an owner.

Owner Thomson SA sold its stake in the company in 1998 when the company also listed on the Borsa Italiana in Milan.

* The Sumner method, a way of finding a ship's location at sea ; William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ) calculated a set of tables for its ready application

Charles Thomson ( November 29, 1729 – August 16, 1824 ) was a Patriot leader in Philadelphia during the American Revolution and the secretary of the Continental Congress ( 1774 – 1789 ) throughout its existence.

Thomson served as the secretary of the Continental Congress through its entirety.

Nine years later, at the end of 2010, the Thomson family, through its holding company Woodbridge, acquired direct control of The Globe and Mail with an 85-percent stake.

This was almost 2½ times as much as the combined loss of Thomson Holidays (£ 1. 6 million ) and Horizon Holidays (£ 388, 000 ), its closest rivals.

Thomson announced that is was looking at how it could integrate Primark's offerings with its own brands such as ILX and First Call.

* May 7, 2001: Global Insight announced it would acquire DRI and WEFA from their respective parent companies to form its first subsidiary, DRI-WEFA Inc. DRI, formerly known as Data Resources Inc. was at this point a unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, a New York publisher and financial services company, while WEFA was a unit of The Thomson Corporation, a Toronto diversified information company.

It has faced more lawsuits from franchisees than bigger chains, such as McDonald ’ s, Burger King, Wendy ’ s, and even its sandwich rivals Subway and Blimpie, according to an analysis by the legal research firm Thomson West.

Although he died before its official formation, Thomson had a significant influence on the group.

In the summer of 2004 another historical marker honouring Thomson was moved from its previous location nearer the centre of Leith to the graveyard in which Thomson is now buried.