Thought reform contains elements which are evident in Chinese culture ( emphasis on interpersonal sensitivity, learning by rote and self-cultivation ); in methods of extracting confessions well known in the Papal Inquisition ( 13th century ) and elaborated through the centuries, especially by the Russian secret police ; in methods of organizing corrective prisons, mental hospitals and other institutions for producing value change ; in methods used by religious sects, fraternal orders, political elites or primitive societies for converting or initiating new members.

Thought reform contains elements which are evident in Chinese culture ( emphasis on interpersonal sensitivity, learning by rote and self-cultivation ); in methods of extracting confessions well known in the Papal Inquisition ( 13th century ) and elaborated through the centuries, especially by the Russian secret police ; in methods of organizing corrective prisons, mental hospitals and other institutions for producing value change ; in methods used by religious sects, fraternal orders, political elites or primitive societies for converting or initiating new members.

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