However, the foundation of memetics in full modern incarnation originates in the publication in 1996 of two books by authors outside the academic mainstream: Virus of the Mind: The New Science of the Meme by former Microsoft executive turned motivational speaker and professional poker player, Richard Brodie, and Thought Contagion: How Belief Spreads Through Society by Aaron Lynch, a mathematician and philosopher who worked for many years as an engineer at Fermilab.

Another early usage of the term, was by the American artist, mystic, and philosopher Walter Russell, who spoke of "... this New Age philosophy of the spiritual re-awakening of man ... Man's purpose in this New Age is to acquire more and more knowledge ..." in his essay " Power Through Knowledge ," which was also published in 1944.

Through his grandmother, he was a descendant of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.

Through satellite images and ground investigations, archaeologists have detected at least 8 main roads that together run for more than 180 miles ( ca 300 km ), and are more than 30 feet ( 10 m ) wide.

In that year Smith made Seen Through the Telescope, in which the main shot shows street scene with a young man tying the shoelace and then caressing the foot of his girlfriend, while an old man observes this through a telescope.

These included An Elopement à la Mode and The Pickpocket: A Chase Through London, made by Alf Collins for the British branch of the French Gaumont company, Daring Daylight Burglary, made by Frank Mottershaw at the Sheffield Photographic Company, and Desperate Poaching Affray, made by the Haggar family, whose main business was exhibiting films made by others in their traveling tent theatre.

Through the Garfield strips, there have been many additional characters, but the four main ones are described here.

Through a confrontation with Aristotle he began to develop in his lectures the main theme of his philosophy: the question of the sense of being.

Through essentially a rehash of the " Mediterranean plan " of 1940 with the main German blows to be focused against the British in the Middle East, the " Great Plan " of 1942 was worked out in considerably more detail, and called for a series of mutually supporting attacks between Germany in the Middle East and Japan in the Indian subcontinent that were intended to knock Britain out of the war.

Through the country's main food assistance program, the Productive Safety Net Program, Ethiopia has been giving rural residents who are chronically short of food, a chance to work for food or cash.

Through the years Nicosia has established itself as the island's financial capital and its main international business centre.

Through the mediastinum, the main lymphatic drainage from the abdominal organs goes via the thoracic duct ( ductus thoracicus ), which drains majority of the lymph from the abdomen to the above mentioned left venous angle.

Through the Arcadia Gate to the north ran and still runs the main road north ( to Arcadia ), currently from Mavromati.

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a textbook used by the main character, and Quidditch Through the Ages is a book from the library at his school.

Through the summer, the town also plays host to its farmers ' market which occurs every Thursday and is sponsored by the town's main street organization.

Through the 1890s-1910's, the town was a thriving commercial center with many shops and hotels lining River Street ( Elk Rapids's main street ).

Through all of those changes, remarkably, the original fireplaces, woodwork and beautiful main staircase with its ornate woodwork remained intact.

Through much of its history, Willsboro's main employer was a paper mill ( which produced the wood pulp used in the making of paper ).

Through the course of time, the main industry of Mackinaw City became almost strictly tourist-oriented, with other civic services such as postal service, police, firefighting, schooling, etc.

Through the main University Park campus runs Beeston Lane.

Through the use of jump cuts between melodramatic scenes with Buffy, and for instance, informant Willy the Barkeeper ( Saverio Guerra ) to Xander and a gang of zombies in a drunken car journey, Xander is used as a vehicle to point out the ways in which Buffy ordinarily avoids being " over the top " by integrating Xander ( as the show's source of humour ) into the main narrative rather than separating the two.

Through its full run, Rugrats, occupied several main voice actors.

In Through a looking glass ( 1999 ), Gordon created a double-projection work around the climactic scene in Martin Scorsese ’ s film Taxi Driver ( 1976 ), in which the main character addresses the camera ; the screens are arranged so that the character seems to be addressing himself.

The game is named after the main character " Alice " in Lewis Carroll's book Through the Looking-Glass, where travel through the mirror is portrayed on the chessboards by the after-move transfer of chess pieces between boards A and B.

Through the 1920s Broonzy worked a string of odd jobs, including Pullman porter, cook, foundry worker and custodian, to supplement his income, but his main interest was music.

Through its main signal and several secondary stations, it is heard from northeast Atlanta to Greenville, South Carolina.

" Through the late 20th and early 21st centuries, these novels are commercially in two main varieties: category romances, which are shorter books with a one-month shelf-life, and single-title romances, which are generally longer with a longer shelf-life.

Through the words of the main characters, particularly Athos, Dumas comes out on the side of the monarchy in general, or at least the text often praises the idea of benevolent royalty.

The tendency toward authorial self-reference begun in Stranger in a Strange Land and Time Enough for Love becomes even more evident in novels such as The Cat Who Walks Through Walls, whose first-person protagonist is a disabled military veteran who becomes a writer, and finds love with a female character who, like many of Heinlein's strong female characters, appears to be based closely on his wife Ginny.

Through his language, he tends to characterize Rome as “ masculine ” and Egypt as “ feminine .” According to Gayle Greene, “ the ‘ feminine ’ world of love and personal relationships is secondary to the ‘ masculine ’ world of war and politics, has kept us from realizing that Cleopatra is the play ’ s protagonist, and so skewed our perceptions of character, theme, and structure .” The highlighting of these starkly contrasting qualities of the two backdrops of Antony and Cleopatra, in both Shakespeare ’ s language and the words of critics, brings attention to the characterization of the title characters, since their respective countries are meant to represent and emphasize their attributes.

Through a combination of happy circumstances Gervaise is able to raise enough money to open her own laundry, and the couple's happiness appears to be complete with the birth of a daughter, Anna, nicknamed Nana ( the protagonist of Zola's later novel of the same title ).

Through the protagonist, Brownson railed against organized religion and the truthfulness of the Bible.

Through the use of various film techniques, such as shot reverse shot, the viewer is led to align themself with the point of view of a male protagonist.

* Colin Campbell, protagonist of The Cat Who Walks Through Walls, a novel by Robert A. Heinlein

Through the course of the day, the protagonist loses incredible amounts of money for his clients by betting against the rise of the yen, a loss that parallels his own fall.

Through the synods, the URC relates to other Christian denominations at a regional level such as Anglican dioceses.

Through this isomorphism, the transpose T < sup >'</ sup > relates to the adjoint T < sup >∗</ sup > in the following way:

Through detailed and interactive exhibition rooms, the museum relates the story of life in Canada before the outbreak of the war, Canada ’ s civilian and military contribution to the war effort, and contemporary Canadian society in the decades since World War II.

Through this, a strong belief was placed in the idealism of whomever used mojo, creating a spiritual trust in the magic itself.

Through his missionary activity and writings he eventually transformed religious belief and philosophy around the Mediterranean Basin.

Through analogy and through the belief that one can control or aid the powers of nature by the practice of magic, particularly sympathetic magic, sexuality might characterize part of the cult of the Baʿals and ʿAshtarts.

Through the teaching, Daniel learns not only karate but also important life lessons such as the importance of balance, reflected by the belief that martial arts training is as much about training the spirit as the body.

Through a process of creed setting and division the Christadelphian movement emerged with a distinctive set of doctrines incorporating Adventism, anti-trinitarianism, the belief that God is a " substantial and corporeal " being, objection to military service, a lay-membership with full participation by all members, and other doctrines consistent with the spirit of the Restorationist movement.

Through Fate, Palmer was instrumental in popularizing belief in flying saucers.

Through the writing of Everhard and, particularly, the distant future perspective of Meredith, London demonstrated his belief in the historical materialism of Marxism which some have interpreted as predicting an inevitable succession from feudalism through capitalism and socialism, ending in an a period without a state, based on Marx's maxim of ' from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.

Through some cosmic Process, this flow of Good is activated and / or increased by human belief, faith, and acceptance.

: Through a belief in the Threeness,

Ascertain this and teach him accordingly ” ( Ausubel, 1968, p. vi ) Through his belief of meaningful learning, Ausubel developed his theory of advance organizers.

Through this belief the Brethren rejected the Catholic idea of Transubstantiation ( only recently doctrinally defined at the time ), believing instead in Consubstantiation at most and a complete rejection of the idea of the need for the Eucharist at all in other cases.

Through the Guild, which married medieval ( i. e. pre-industrial ) values and a progressive belief in social improvement, Ruskin hoped to establish communities to challenge the profit-motive driving modern industry, and to provide alternatives to mass production.

Through the systematic procedure of phenomenological reduction, one is thought to be able to suspend judgment regarding the general or naive philosophical belief in the existence of the external world, and thus examine phenomena as they are originally given to consciousness.

Through this we strive to grow the future of the Jewish people with a belief in the centrality of the State of Israel.

Through recognition and obedience, service to humanity and regular prayer and spiritual practice, the Bahá ' í writings state that the soul becomes closer to God, the spiritual ideal in Bahá ' í belief.