Thus, in general, elementary light optical effects, light scatter, and electron scatter determine the obtainable resolution limit.

Thus, if an optical brightener or color enhancer absorbs light energy and emits it through or with the dye, the appearance changes, as the spectrum of light re-emitted to the observer changes.

Thus, the cost of transmitting a bit over an optical network decreases by half every nine months.

Thus it concerns the interaction between the electromagnetic ( optical ) and the electrical ( electronic ) states of materials.

Thus, sensitive detection of specific optical frequencies necessitates optical heterodyne detection, in which two different ( close-by ) wavelengths of light illuminate the detector so that the oscillating electrical output corresponds to the difference between their frequencies.

Thus, if a wave is traveling through several different media, then the optical path length of each medium can be added to find the total optical path length.

Thus, an optical fiber or a copper cable is a transmission medium.

Thus Jansky suspected that the hiss originated well beyond the Earth's atmosphere, and by comparing his observations with optical astronomical maps, Jansky concluded that the radiation was coming from the Milky Way Galaxy and was strongest in the direction of the center of the galaxy, in the constellation of Sagittarius.

Thus, a legacy switch system can be easily " converted " to allow wavelength multiplexed transport over a fiber simply by judicious choice of transceiver wavelengths, combined with an inexpensive passive optical multiplexing device.

Porro prism designs have the added benefit of folding the optical path so that the physical length of the binoculars is less than the focal length of the objective and wider spacing of the objectives gives a better sensation of depth. Thus, the size of binoculars are reduced.

Thus there is not the same direct relation between magnetic optical activity and molecular stereochemistry which would be expected, because it is found in natural optical activity.

Thus, the ground was made for biological experiments with optical trapping.

Thus they show strong optical continuum emission, broad and narrow emission lines, and strong X-ray emission, together with nuclear and often extended radio emission.

Thus, plasmons are collective oscillations of the free electron gas density, for example, at optical frequencies.

Thus, excluding the transmission equipment upgrades, the cost of transmitting a bit over an optical network decreases by half every nine months.

Thus the optical system may contain no nonlinear materials nor active devices ( except possibly, extremely linear active devices ).

Thus, the ( powder ) " grain size " found by laser granulometry can be different from the " grain size " ( or, rather, crystallite size ) found by X-ray diffraction ( e. g. Scherrer method ), by optical microscopy under polarised light, or by scanning electron microscopy ( backscattered electrons ).

Thus, if the size of the quantum dot is small enough that the quantum confinement effects dominate ( typically less than 10 nm ), the electronic and optical properties change, and the fluorescent wavelength is determined by the size.

Thus an optical cavity, also known as a resonator, is a cavity with walls that reflect electromagnetic waves ( light ).

Thus in 1857 he went to Peru in order to determine the magnetic equator ; in 1861 – 1862 and 1864, he studied telluric absorption in the solar spectrum in Italy and Switzerland ; in 1867 he carried out optical and magnetic experiments at the Azores ; he successfully observed both transits of Venus, that of 1874 in Japan, that of 1882 at Oran in Algeria ; and he took part in a long series of solar eclipse-expeditions, e. g. to Trani ( 1867 ), Guntur ( 1868 ), Algiers ( 1870 ), Siam ( 1875 ), the Caroline Islands ( 1883 ), and to Alcosebre in Spain ( 1905 ).

Thus, its nearly flat spectrum on the top with steep sides is due to the effect of optical thickness on the bremsstrahlung spectrum.

Thus, Hillel called attention to seven commonly used in the interpretation of laws ( baraita at the beginning of Sifra ); R. Ishmael, thirteen ( baraita at the beginning of Sifra ; this collection is largely an amplification of that of Hillel ).

Thus, a few volts ' difference at the grid would make a large change in the plate current and could lead to a much larger voltage change at the plate ; the result was voltage and power amplification.

Thus shot noise is more frequently observed with small currents or light intensities following sufficient amplification.

Thus, a simultaneous chain reaction develops, resulting in exponential amplification of the selected target sequence ( see Vincent et al .., 2004 for a schematic diagram ).

Thus, reflection in a resonant cavity is usually required for a laser, but is not absolutely necessary.

Thus, the " pencil beam " directly generated by a common helium-neon laser would spread out to a size of perhaps 500 kilometers when shone on the Moon ( from the distance of the earth ).

Thus if one applies light from two opposite directions, the atoms will always scatter more photons from the laser beam pointing opposite to their direction of motion.

Thus for the two lasers referenced above, with a 30 cm cavity the 1. 5 GHz bandwidth of the HeNe laser would support up to 3 longitudinal modes, whereas the 128 THz bandwidth of the Ti: sapphire laser could support approximately 250, 000 modes.

Thus, laser light is idealized as a coherent state.

Thus the particle size needs to be balanced to scatter enough light to accurately visualize all particles within the laser sheet plane but small enough to accurately follow the flow.

Thus the time between each pulse of the laser and the placement of the laser shot in reference to the camera's timing can be accurately controlled.

Thus this laser does not need a concave lens or refocusing lenses and beam quality improves along the gain medium.

Thus, the statement that f is an idempotent unary operation on S is equivalent to the statement that f is an idempotent element with respect to the function composition operation ∘ on functions from S to S.

Thus ended the coordinated operation against the Germanic peoples.

Thus, ( 1 – x ) would represent the operation of selecting all things in the world except horned things, that is, all not horned things, and ( 1 – x ) ( 1 – y ) would give all things neither horned nor sheep.

Thus, a 0-ary operation ( or nullary operation ) can be represented simply as an element of A, or a constant, often denoted by a letter like a.

Thus the operation of the oracle is simply written as:

Thus, in the mid 18th century Rancho de las Cabras, " the goat ranch ," was established near Floresville as a mission ranching operation for Mission Espada.

Thus, tuning was a relatively slow operation, and composers had to allow a reasonable amount of time for players to change notes if they were called to tune in the middle of a work.

Thus, the most valuable information is gathered by running the engine at high speed and full load, immediately cutting the ignition off and stopping without idling or low speed operation and removing the plugs for reading.

Thus, the mining operation essentially consists of vacuuming it off the surface with a vehicle called a Harvester until a worm comes, at which time an aircraft known as a Carryall lifts the mining vehicle to safety.

Thus, x86 instructions that operate on the memory ( e. g., add this register to this location in the memory ) can only be processed by the general decoder, as this operation requires at a minimum of three micro-ops.

Thus, without specific additional operation, the police officer querying the database of the wanted persons ( FPR ) or the database of the stolen vehicles ( FVV ) will obtain a response at the level of the Schengen States at the same time as the response at the national level.

Thus, any operation feasible on the supertype will be supported by the subtype.

Thus, for an outlay of capital of $ 30, the capitalist obtains a surplus value of $ 10 ; his capital has not only been replaced by the operation, but also has increased by $ 10.

Thus, there are many types of bearings, with varying shape, material, lubrication, principle of operation, and so on.

Thus, with a locking mechanism, needed operation blocking is controlled by a proper lock blocking scheme, which indicates which lock type blocks which lock type.

Thus the partial fraction decomposition may be seen as the inverse procedure of the more elementary operation of addition of algebraic fractions, that produces a single rational function with a numerator and denominator usually of high degree.

Thus, the operation of Finale bears at least some surface similarities to Adobe Photoshop.

Thus a subgroup of a group is a subset on which the binary product and the unary operation of inversion satisfy the closure axiom.

Thus an operation was needed to clear the approaches and thereby ease the supply problem.

Thus, whereas an IDF special forces operation needs to assemble elements from different specialist units, in Yamam, they are all permanently part of the same unit, living, training and operating together.

Thus, the Constitution concentrated on the operation of the government system as a whole.

Thus, the write-up operation permitted in the usual ★- Property is not present, only a write-to-same operation.