another important point in Tibetan Buddhism, is the famous concept of the Tulku or Trulku, which means that lamas make a " reincarnation ", and the disciples look for the child as the new " body " of their old master.

Some commentators have emphasised Tibetan innovations such as the system of incarnate lamas, but such genuine innovations have been few.

Modern scholars still debate on whether or not the Ming Dynasty really had sovereignty over Tibet at all, as some believe it was a relationship of loose suzerainty which was largely cut off when the Jiajing Emperor ( ruled in 1521 – 67 ) persecuted Buddhism in favor of Daoism at court and some scholars argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.

Tibetan Buddhist monasteries are sometimes known as lamaseries and the monks are sometimes ( mistakenly ) known as lamas.

Likewise, there are some lamas ( Buddhist teachers ) of the Tibetan tradition called " ngagpa ," who do not receive monastic ordination.

During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol emperors made Esoteric Buddhism the official religion of China, and Tibetan lamas were given patronage at the court.

When the Mongol Yuan Dynasty was overthrown and the Ming Dynasty was established, the Tibetan lamas were expelled from the court, and this form of Buddhism was denounced as not being an orthodox path.

In the Tibetan tradition, bDud. rTsi is made during drubchens-lengthy ceremonies involving many high lamas.

After having studied Zen for five or six years, Gere traveled to Nepal in 1978 with the Brazilian painter, Sylvia Martins where he met many Tibetan monks and lamas.

* His Eminence ( abbreviation " HE "), oral address Your Eminence — Eastern Orthodox metropolitans and archbishops who are not the First Hierarch of an autocephalous church ; Roman Catholic cardinals and certain high lamas in Tibetan Buddhism.

Haushofer may have been a short-term student of Gurdjieff, that he had studied Zen Buddhism, and that he had been initiated at the hands of Tibetan lamas, although these notions are debated.

Tibetan Buddhist venerate especially holy lamas, such as the Dalai Lama, as saints.

In the West, it is commonly referred to as Lamaism, from the name of the Tibetan monks, the lamas (" heavy with wisdom ").

Of Trungpa, he later wrote, " Exceptional as one of the first Tibetan lamas to become fully assimilated into Western culture, he made a powerful contribution to revealing the Tibetan approach to inner peace in the West.

Among other Tibetan lamas to name Trungpa as a mahasiddha are the Sixteenth Karmapa, Thrangu Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche and Tai Situpa.

Vajra / Dorje can also refer to a small sceptre held in the right hand by Tibetan lamas during religious ceremonies.

Through their influence with the Mongol rulers, Tibetan lamas gained considerable influence in various Mongol clans, not only with Kublai, but, for example, also with the Il-Khanids.

They gradually met opposition from Tibetan lamas who finally expelled them from Tibet in 1745.

The interest of western collectors of Tibetan rugs was particularly piqued by tiger rugs, in part because of their associations with Tantric meditation ; many Tibetan tiger rugs were gifts for lamas in the monasteries.

Rangjung Dorje gave this disciple a ruby-red crown and the title Shamarpa, establishing the second line of reincarnate lamas in Tibetan Buddhism, Karmapa being the first.

Thereafter, it was performed regularly in receptions for important Tibetan Drukpa lamas.

Amdo was and is the home for many important Tibetan Buddhist monks ( or lamas ), scholars who had a major influence on both politics and religious development of Tibet like the 14th Dalai Lama, the 10th Panchen Lama, and the great reformer Je Tsongkhapa.

Some languages, such as Cone Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives, and

The tsa lung practices such as those embodied in Trul Khor lineages open channels so lung ( Lung is a Tibetan term cognate with vayu ) may move without obstruction.

Serfs, the majority of the people, who did the actual work such as farming were required in Tibetan society to have a tenure document known as khral-rten ().

The idea of a subterranean realm is also mentioned in the Vedic texts such as the Puranas, according to one story in the Puranas there is an ancient city called Shamballa which is located inside the earth, the belief in Shamballa as a city inside the earth is also found in Tibetan Buddhism.

Until the rise of Christianity, Islam and Tibetan Buddhism, the religion largely ceased, especially Buddhism which the rejection of a creator god, Tengri has been heavily diminished or clove in such communities.

These peoples traditionally grazed yaks, grew cold-tolerant crops such as potatoes, barley, buckwheat and millet, and traded across the mountains, e. g., Tibetan salt for rice from lowlands in Nepal and India.

Traditional historians ( for example, the 17th century Tibetan Tāranātha ), aware of the chronological difficulties involved, account for the anachronism via a variety of theories, such as the propagation of later writings via mystical revelation.

According to the Tibetan Buddhist tradition based on the lineage texts regarding prayer wheels, spinning such a wheel will have much the same meritorious effect as orally reciting the prayers.

China took the position that the Tibetan government should not have been allowed to make a such a treaty, rejecting Tibet's claims of independent rule.

Texts recognized as scripture and commentary are contained in the Tibetan Buddhist canon, such that Tibetan is a spiritual language of these areas.

The opposing principles of skepticism and guru devotion are reconciled with the Tibetan injunction to scrutinise a prospective guru thoroughly before finally adopting him as such without reservation.

Whichever may be the case, Tibetan Buddhists today trace their spiritual roots to Indian masters such as Padmasambhāva, Atiśa, Tilopa, Naropa and their later Tibetan students.

It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people.

It has spawned several alphabets, either as attempts to fix its perceived shortcomings, or to allow the notation of other languages, such as Sanskrit and Tibetan.

Phagpa extended his native Tibetan script to encompass Mongolian and Chinese ; the result was known by several descriptive names, such as the Mongolian new script, but today is known as the ' Phags-pa script.

A 17th century Tibetan thangka of Guhyasamaja Akshobhyavajra ; the Ming Dynasty court gathered various tribute items which were native products of Tibet ( such as thangkas ), and in return granted gifts to Tibetan tribute-bearers.

The Tang Empire competed with the Tibetan Empire for control of areas in Inner and Central Asia, which was at times settled with marriage alliances such as the marrying of Princess Wencheng ( d. 680 ) to Songtsän Gampo ( d. 649 ).

During the 20th and 21st centuries Buddhism has again been propagated by missionaries into the West such as the Dalai Lama and monks including Lama Surya Das ( Tibetan Buddhism ).

On the other hand, proponents of Taiwanese, Tibetan, and other ethnic separatism would support such a distinction, as they want to make clear the difference between the concept of " China proper ", a culturally-based nation, and the " People's Republic of China ", a political entity.

Such liminal times are known in Tibetan Buddhism as Bardo states and include such transitional states as during meditation, dreaming, sex and death.