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Title page of Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae
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Gauss's and Disquisitiones
These are in Gauss's Werke, Vol II, pp. 65 – 92 and 93 – 148 ; German translations are pp. 511 – 533 and 534 – 586 of the German edition of the Disquisitiones.
Fermat, Euler, Lagrange, Legendre, and other number theorists of the 17th and 18th centuries proved some theorems and made some conjectures about quadratic residues, but the first systematic treatment is § IV of Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( 1801 ).
The Disquisitiones Arithmeticae has been translated from Gauss's Ciceronian Latin into English and German.
The problems are posed in Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae of 1801 ( Section V, Articles 303 and 304 ).
The first statement and proof of the lemma is in Article 42 of Carl Friedrich Gauss's Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( 1801 ).
Disquisitiones and Arithmeticae
He completed Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, his magnum opus, in 1798 at the age of 21, though it was not published until 1801.
Gauss also made important contributions to number theory with his 1801 book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( Latin, Arithmetical Investigations ), which, among things, introduced the symbol ≡ for congruence and used it in a clean presentation of modular arithmetic, contained the first two proofs of the law of quadratic reciprocity, developed the theories of binary and ternary quadratic forms, stated the class number problem for them, and showed that a regular heptadecagon ( 17-sided polygon ) can be constructed with straightedge and compass.
This is justified, if unsatisfactorily, by Gauss in his " Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ", where he states that all analysis ( i. e., the paths one travelled to reach the solution of a problem ) must be suppressed for sake of brevity.
Article 16 of Gauss ' Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is an early modern statement and proof employing modular arithmetic.
Modular arithmetic was further advanced by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his book Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, published in 1801.
He refers to it as the " fundamental theorem " in the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae and his papers ; privately he referred to it as the " golden theorem.
Germain's interest in number theory was renewed when she read Carl Friedrich Gauss ' monumental work Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.
These are two forms of the lower-case Greek letter phi φ ( n ) is from Gauss ' 1801 treatise Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.
Gauss defined primitive roots in Article 57 of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ( 1801 ), where he credited Euler with coining the term.
There he attended classes at the Collège de France and at the Faculté des sciences de Paris, learning mathematics from Hachette among others, while undertaking private study of Gauss ' Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, a book he kept close for his entire life.
The earliest antecedent of the Weil conjectures is by Carl Friedrich Gauss and appears in section VII of his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, concerned with roots of unity and Gaussian periods.
Around 1800, the elliptic functions inverting those integrals were studied by C. F. Gauss ( largely unpublished at the time, but allusions in the notes to his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ).
In 1801 Gauss published Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, a major portion of which was devoted to a complete theory of binary quadratic forms over the integers.
In " twos in ", binary quadratic forms are of the form, represented by the symmetric matrix ; this is the convention Gauss uses in Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.
Many proofs of the irrationality of the square roots of non-square natural numbers implicitly assume the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, which was first proven by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.
Remarkably Schönemann and Eisenstein, once having formulated their respective criteria for irreducibility, both immediately apply it to give an elementary proof of the irreducibility of the cyclotomic polynomials for prime numbers, a result that Gauss had obtained in his Disquisitiones Arithmeticae with a much more complicated proof.
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