" Following a global economic downturn in late 2008 and early 2009, he announced a series of initiatives to combat unemployment in the city.

Their main tasks include intelligence gathering, counter-terrorism operations ( surveillance or offensive action ), sabotage and the disruption of enemy infrastructure, capture of specific individuals, close protection of senior politicians and military personnel, plus reconnaissance and combat action on enemy territory.

Kaplinski supposes that anti-Russian sentiment could disappear as quickly as anti-German sentiment did in 1940, however he believes the prevailing sentiment in Estonia is sustained by Estonia's politicians who employ " the use of anti-Russian sentiments in political combat ," together with the " tendentious attitude of the media.

The " Blueprint " listed 49 " combat situations ", ranging from horror movie clichés ( cigarette machines dispensing severed fingers, drink machines dispensing blood ) to far more disturbing scenarios, such as the bombing of bridges and public buildings, the assassination of prominent politicians, the poisoning of water supplies and indiscriminate shooting in public places.

Laws were enacted in Osaka and Tokyo in 2010 and 2011 to try to combat Yakuza influence by making it illegal for any business to do business with the Yakuza.

In order to combat corruption, a revenue management law was enacted in 2004.

Others enacted mock attacks on the White House using cardboard combat drones.

Many countries and states have enacted consumer protection laws intended to combat such fraud.

War profiteering cases are often brought under the Civil False Claims Act, which was enacted in 1863 to combat war profiteering during the Civil War.

In Boston, Parker led the movement to combat the stricter Fugitive Slave Act enacted with the Compromise of 1850.

The new laws are enacted to help combat the trafficking of humans into the sex market.

In one activity, Vietnam War combat veterans, wearing uniforms and carrying unloaded weapons, enacted for astonished visitors to Washington, DC, the actions common to descending upon and sweeping a Vietnamese village for enemy combatants.

Blizzard Entertainment has enacted software components and rules for its forums to combat griefing.

Previous legislation, which was enacted during or after the second world war, provided for civil protection solely in terms of " civil defence ", which was defined as " measures, other than actual combat, for affording defence against a hostile attack by a foreign power ".

The Golden Nematode Act was enacted on June 15, 1948, to combat the worm.

If it was instead hilly, wooded, marshy, or urban, armour would be vulnerable to infantry in close-quarters combat and unable to break out at full speed.

ZTT aggressively marketed the single in terms of its topical political angle, promoting it with images of the group wearing American military garb in combat, as well as Soviet-style army uniforms set against an American urban backdrop.

However, with the rise of asymmetric warfare and low intensity conflicts, the HMMWV has been pressed into service in urban combat roles for which it was not originally intended.

In times of asymmetrical warfare, local crises, and urban combat, the IFV is more important than ever.

In January 1995, Kemp's stated reason for not entering the 1996 Republican Party presidential primaries was that his personal beliefs were out of balance with the contemporary Republican political landscape: Kemp opposed term limits, he always preferred tax cuts to anything resembling a balanced budget amendment and, unlike most Republicans, favored federal incentives to combat urban poverty.

Katyusha rocket launchers were mounted on many platforms during World War II, including on trucks, artillery tractors, tanks, and armoured trains, as well as on naval and riverine vessels as assault support weapons, Soviet engineers also mounted single Katyusha rockets on lengths of railway track to serve in urban combat.

The US 2nd Infantry Division and US 69th Infantry Division fought into the city on 18 April and completed its capture after fierce urban combat, in which fighting was often house-to-house and block-to-block, on 19 April 1945.

In the decades after World War II, machine pistols were used in close quarter combat where a rifle would be too unwieldy, such as in urban house-to-house fighting or in tunnels.

Various armies and manufacturers have developed add-on tank armor and other systems for urban combat, such as the Tank Urban Survival Kit ( TUSK ) for M1 Abrams, slat armor for the Stryker, ERA kit for the FV432, AZUR for Leclerc, and others.

The United States Marine Corps tested the usefulness of commercial off-the-shelf skateboards during urban combat military exercises in the late 1990s in a program called Urban Warrior ' 99.

During the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in 1939, the MP38 production was still just starting and only a few thousand were in service, but it proved very effective especially in close quarters urban combat.

Submachine guns are used by special forces and counter-terrorist units operating in urban environments or cramped interior areas, and as defense weapons for air crews, combat vehicle crews, and naval personnel.

The portable machine gun spread, a notable example being the German MG42, and various submachine guns which were suited to close combat in urban and jungle settings.

Robert Bruegmann, professor of art history, architecture, and urban planning at the University of Illinois at Chicago and author of Sprawl: A Compact History, stated that historical attempts to combat urban sprawl have failed, and that the high population density of Los Angeles, currently the most dense urban area in the United States, " lies at the root of many of the woes experienced by L. A.

When the Union army was finally able to build its bridges and cross under fire, urban combat resulted in the city on December 11 – 12.

The battle was bloody as both sides faced attrition in urban hand-to-hand combat.

The Swiss Grenadiers specialize in urban warfare, guerrilla warfare, anti-terrorist operations, commando tactics, sniper missions, hand to hand combat, and other special operations.

The Polish historians point out that since these losses occurred during actual combat, most of the civilian losses should be attributed to accidents common in urban combat conditions ; they argue that civilian losses might have occurred when the town was attacked by the German airforce ( Luftwaffe ).

This project aims at changing the Reconnaissance battalions into specialized urban counter terror units, that are specifically trained and equipped to operate in current combat situations.

Expansions for Warhammer 40, 000 are released from time to time which give rules for urban, planetary siege and large-scale combat.

Increasingly, combat vehicles, such as the urban variant of the Leopard 2 main battle tank, are being fitted with non-lethal weapons.

The division, assisted by close air support, advanced through the ruins in urban combat and completed its capture on 13 April 1945.

Parties develop policies and strategies to combat the discharge of air pollutants through exchanges of information, consultation, research and monitoring.

Bennett dominated the meetings, which were ultimately unproductive, due to the inability of leaders to agree on policies, mainly to combat the economic woes dominating the world at the time.

Commanding the Armed Forces and establishing the policies and programs related with the preparation for combat of personnel, intelligence, operations, organization, training and logistic services are the responsibilities of the General Staff.

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action urges all governments to take immdiate measure and to develop strong policies to prevent and combat all forms and minifestations of racism, xenophobia or related intolerance, where necessary by enactment of appropriate legislation including penal measure.

As this history shows, multiculturalism in Western countries was seen as a useful set of strategies to combat racism, to protect minority communities of all types, and to undo policies that had prevented minorities from having full access to the opportunities for freedom and equality promised by the liberalism that has been the hallmark of Western societies since the Age of Enlightenment.

Few if any such critics have anything favorable to say about the illicit drug trade, but they point out that under the current coca eradication policies, poor campesinos bear the brunt of efforts to combat it, while North American and European chemical companies ( which supply chemicals needed in the manufacture of cocaine ) and banks ( which annually launder hundreds of billions of dollars in illegal revenues ) continue to profit from the trade.

Furthermore, monetary policies are described as follows: accommodative, if the interest rate set by the central monetary authority is intended to create economic growth ; neutral, if it is intended neither to create growth nor combat inflation ; or tight if intended to reduce inflation.

" This referred to U. S. combat troops specifically in the ground combat role, but did not reject combat by U. S. air forces, as well as the support to South Vietnam, consistent with the policies of U. S. foreign military assistance organizations.

NAM used pioneering public relations expert Edward Bernays in the 1930s to promote the benefits of capitalism, to combat the policies of President Roosevelt.

The environmental justice movement aims in part to combat environmental racism ; environmental justice is " the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, colour, sex, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.

Commanding the Armed Forces and establishing the policies and programs related with the preparation of personnel for combat, intelligence, operations, organization, training and logistic services are the responsibilities of the General Staff.

If an organization has any consumer info on file, they must by law ( Red Flags Clarification act of 2010 ) have written information protection policies and procedures in place, that serve to combat, mitigate, and detect vulnerable areas that could result in identity theft.

The purpose of the FATF is to develop policies to combat money laundering and terrorism financing.

Since 1996 the Government of South Africa has been involved in a process towards the formulation of appropriate policies and a national action programme to combat child labour.

Following the process of gathering information, the Government of South Africa began formulating appropriate policies and a national action programme to combat child labour.

They emphasize the need to address the root causes of child labour, linking action for the latter ’ s elimination to national development policy, macro-economic trends and strategies, and demographic and labour market processes and outcomes, with particular emphasis on economic and social policies to combat poverty and to promote universal basic education and social mobilization.

In order to combat the lack of resources available in developed nations, policies must be developed that deliver resources to poor families and raise skill levels of poor children by building on successful welfare-to-work initiatives and maintaining financial work supports, such as Earned Income Tax Credit, refundable child care tax credits and housing vouchers.

As director for alcohol policies at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, Hacker has led national efforts to combat alcoholic beverage industry marketing and advertising practices, to increase long-dormant alcohol excise tax rates, and to require warning labels on alcoholic beverage containers.

Felicia Pratto and her colleagues have found evidence that a high Social Dominance Orientation is strongly correlated with conservative political views, and opposition to programs and policies that aim to promote equality ( such as affirmative action, laws advocating equal rights for homosexuals, women in combat, etc.

Winston's War is a 2003 novel by Michael Dobbs that presents a fictional account of the struggle of Winston Churchill to combat the appeasement policies of Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain.