: If a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, volume, or partial pressure, then the equilibrium shifts to counteract the imposed change and a new equilibrium is established.

Millikan thought his cosmic ray photons were the " birth cries " of new atoms continually being created by God to counteract entropy and prevent the heat death of the universe.

* Pericles, concerned for Athenian trade with Greek settlements to the East, and in order to counteract a new and possibly threatening Thracian – Scythian alliance, leads Athens ' fleet to Pontus on the Black Sea and establishes friendly relations with the Greek cities of the region.

In 1120, following repeated crises between the counts of Auvergne and the bishops of Clermont and in order to counteract the clergy's power, the counts founded the rival city of Montferrand on a mound next to the fortifications of Clermont, on the model of the new cities of the Midi springing up in the 12th and 13th centuries.

Efforts are under way by pedestrian advocacy groups to restore pedestrian access to new developments, especially to counteract newer developments, 20 % to 30 % of which in the United States do not include footpaths.

After a double fatal accident in 1974 on the Daiichi banking where drivers Hiroshi Kazato and Seiichi Suzuki were both killed in a fiery accident that injured 6 other people, a new part of track was built to counteract the problem, and the resultant course which also eliminated 5 other fast corners proved more successful.

According to the website of The American Prospect, " at the dawn of a new progressive era and a time of economic transformation for the United States and the world, the magazine's founding purpose was to demonstrate that progressive ideas could animate a majority politics ; to restore to intellectual and political respectability the case for social investment ; to energize civic democracy and give voice to the disenfranchised ; and to counteract the growing influence of conservative media.

The American Psychological Association reported that some ex-gay groups may help counteract and buffer minority stress, marginalization, and isolation in ways similar to other support groups, such as offering social support, fellowship, role models, and new ways to view a problem through unique philosophies or ideologies.

To counteract the dominance of Tesco in the area, Asda were granted planning permission for a new superstore near the town centre.

In 2010, in a bid to counteract falling sales and bans on bottled water, The Coca-Cola Company announced they would be distributing Dasani water in new packaging made of 30 % plant based materials.

The " broad-beam " Leander class frigate of 2, 500 tons ( standard displacement ) could carry only a single missile system, and required some significant structural " surgery " of the upperworks to counteract the weight of the new missile system.

This is seen as a systems theory analog of Le Chatelier's principle that suggests chemical and physical processes tend to counteract changed conditions that upset equilibrium until a new equilibrium is established.

Consequently, some have advocated a new devolved English deliberative assembly, entirely separate from the Parliament of the United Kingdom, to counteract what they see as a democratic imbalance.

Red Crow, bemoaning the prevalence of " half-breed " Indians and desiring more enforcers to counteract the nativists protesting his new Crazy Horse Casino, hires Bad Horse onto the Tribal Police Force.

Proper education, they believe, will counteract such forces and will help to build a new society based on rationality and justice.

The discovery of possible new dimensions had the opposite effect of photography and worked to counteract realism.

In an attempt to counteract this, the manufacturers responded in the new millennium by introducing bevelled corners to redesigned regular gauge packaging, and marketing their first ' slim ' cigarette in the UK, even though this wasn't the first ' slim ' cigarette available in the UK as More, Karelia and Vogue are available in most tobacconists.

To counteract this, the Light created or co-opted networks of operatives, placed key individuals in key positions, and explored the boundaries of all new technology.

To counteract the large number of departures, Robinson introduced several new characters, among them Melanie Healy played by Tamzin Outhwaite.

Entasis was often a feature of Inca walls and double-jamb doorways, where they also act to counteract the optical illusion that would make the doorway appear narrower in the middle of its slope than it really would be.

In addition to this, it has been observed that the administration of medications to counteract splanchnic vasodilation ( such as ornipressin, terlipressin, and octreotide ) leads to improvement in glomerular filtration rate ( which is a quantitative measure of renal function ), in patients with hepatorenal syndrome, providing further evidence that splanchnic vasodilation is a key feature of its pathogenesis.

Group D tower was introduced to counteract the phenomenon of coaches pushing young divers to compete in higher age categories, thus putting them at even greater risk.

In 1920, a variant of Type F film known as X-back was introduced to counteract the effects of static electricity on the film, which can cause sparking and create odd exposure patterns on the film.

11,, July 24, 1897 ), introduced by U. S. Representative Nelson Dingley, Jr., of Maine, raised tariffs in United States to counteract the Wilson – Gorman Tariff Act of 1894, which had lowered rates.

Producers evidently tried to counteract the aging of the panel members by improving the news footage that introduced each segment.

Benching involves the simultaneous solution of multiple deformations introduced to the saw to counteract the predicted stresses of the saw in operation.

In order to combat the spiralling costs of running a Formula One team, and to counteract criticism that over-reliance on technology was reducing the drivers to a secondary role, sweeping rule changes were introduced for 1994, most notably banning of all electronic " driver aids " such as active suspension, anti-lock brakes, traction control and launch control.

" When busing was introduced in the early 1970s to counteract the effects of racially defined residential patterns, whites built private schools in the suburbs or fled the county altogether.

Along with Rep. Marion Berry ( D-AR ) and Rep. Mike Ross ( D-AR ), Wilson introduced H. R. 3090 in July 2007 to counteract a provision tucked away in the Iraq Spending Bill.

In so doing he implicitly offers the positive contagion of hope as a kind of maturational dynamic to counteract feelings of helplessness and hopelessness generally associated with the first stages of stress impact.

He proposed a form of agrarian socialism with large state farms to counteract the inefficiency of very small holdings.

What expands the qualities of further bodily response is a very subtle nod forward to counteract a common backward startle pattern, coupled with an upward movement of the head away from the body that lengthens the spine.

Many taiko are not tunable, and a drum with high head tension would counteract the slacking effects of humidity.

The British codenamed Jan Mayen Island X and attempted to reinforce it with troops to counteract any German attack.

To counteract management sending in the Salvation Army band to cover up the Wobbly speakers, Joe Hill wrote parodies of Christian hymns so that union members could sing along with the Salvation Army band, but with their own purposes.

Vineyard managers counteract this with aggressive pruning and canopy management.

This method helps to counteract the extreme narrowing of horizontal dispersion pattern seen with a horizontal subwoofer array.

Following Henry VIII's break with Rome and the Pope, Wales for the most part followed England in accepting Anglicanism, although a number of Catholics were active in attempting to counteract this and produced some of the earliest books printed in Welsh.

Until recently, the differential pressure ( suction ) of transpirational pull could only be measured indirectly, by applying external pressure with a pressure bomb to counteract it.

Limbless organisms moving on land must often contend with surface friction, but do not usually need to expend significant energy to counteract gravity.

Historically, support for modern multiculturalism stems from the changes in Western societies after World War II, in what Susanne Wessendorf calls the " human rights revolution ", in which the horrors of institutionalized racism and ethnic cleansing became almost impossible to ignore in the wake of the Holocaust ; with the collapse of the European colonial system, as colonized nations in Africa and Asia successfully fought for their independence and pointed out the racist underpinnings of the colonial system ; and, in the United States in particular, with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, which criticized ideals of assimilation that often led to prejudices against those who did not act according to Anglo-American standards and which led to the development of academic ethnic studies programs as a way to counteract the neglect of contributions by racial minorities in classrooms.

Overcome with shame, he longs for a wound — a " red badge of courage "— to counteract his cowardice.

Reelin has been shown to interact with amyloid precursor protein, and, according to one in-vitro study, is able to counteract the Aβ-induced dampening of NMDA-receptor activity.

However, unlike a free-market economy, the government would wield considerable indirect influence over the economy through fiscal and monetary policies designed to counteract economic downturns and capitalism's tendency toward financial crises and unemployment, along with playing a role in interventions that promote social welfare.

… Sir, how pitiable is it to reflect, that although you were so fully convinced of the benevolence of the Father of Mankind, and of his equal and impartial distribution of these rights and privileges, which he hath conferred upon them, that you should at the same time counteract his mercies, in detaining by fraud and violence so numerous a part of my brethren, under groaning captivity and cruel oppression, that you should at the same time be found guilty of that most criminal act, which you professedly detested in others, with respect to yourselves.

Disney was chosen for this because several Latin American governments had close ties with Nazi Germany, and the US government wanted to counteract those ties.

In particular, his opponents were keen to develop a body of knowledge in this area to allow them to counteract a masterful individual with a highly competent group of officers, a General Staff.

Vehicles with high centres of gravity rounding sharp curves at high speeds may topple over, and banking helps counteract this risk.

Minutemen were also planning to record a triple album with the working title 3 Dudes, 6 Sides, 3 Studio, 3 Live as way to counteract bootleggers.