... review, on the other hand, provide an independent and civil inquiry into the validity of a conviction and sentence, and as such are generally limited to challenges to constitutional, jurisdictional, or other fundamental violations that occurred at trial.

The organization was formed in December 1997 to " provide IP registration services as an independent, nonprofit corporation.

But in the earliest times the " state " did not always provide an independent policing force.

To provide a definition of current that is independent of the type of charge carriers flowing, conventional current is defined to flow in the same direction as positive charges.

The Supreme Court of California, in affirming the disbarment, held that Rosenthal engaged in transactions involving undisclosed conflicts of interest, took positions adverse to his former clients, overstated expenses, double-billed for legal fees, failed to return client files, failed to provide access to records, failed to give adequate legal advice, failed to provide clients with an opportunity to obtain independent counsel, filed fraudulent claims, gave false testimony, engaged in conduct designed to harass his clients, delayed court proceedings, obstructed justice and abused legal process.

NIPCC organized an international climate workshop in Vienna in April 2007, to provide what they called an independent examination of the evidence for climate change.

The CTRN drafted laws to create republican institutions and to provide for independent political parties, national elections, and freedom of the press.

Some constitutions or fundamental laws provide for a head of state who is not only in theory but in practice chief executive, operating separately from, and independent from, the legislature.

Examples of institutions that provide post-secondary education are vocational schools, community colleges, independent colleges ( e. g. institutes of technology ), and universities in the United States, the institutes of technical and further education in Australia, CEGEPs in Quebec, and the IEKs in Greece.

A number of independent rating agencies provide information and rate the financial viability of insurance companies.

His attitudes towards Alcott's sometimes wild and independent behavior, and his inability to provide for his family, sometimes created conflict between Bronson Alcott and his wife and daughters.

Work by Thomas Kuhn has claimed that it is not possible to provide truth conditions for science independent of its historical paradigm.

Most of the Poeciliidae are ovoviviparous, that is, while the eggs are retained inside the body of the female for protection, the eggs are essentially independent of the mother and she does not provide them with any nutrients.

A Certified Professional Midwife ( CPM ) is a knowledgeable, skilled and professional independent midwifery practitioner who has met the standards for certification set by the North American Registry of Midwives ( NARM ) and is qualified to provide the midwives model of care.

This was because of the jurisdiction of the independent rail regulator-at the time Tom Winsor-to provide additional money to maintain the company's financial position.

DNA profiles of the eastern Canadian wolf and the red wolf provide evidence for a common evolutionary history independent of the gray wolf Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 2156 – 2166.

Thus, Rajaratnam believed that maintaining a balance of power, rather than becoming a de-facto vassal of some larger power, would provide Singapore with freedom to pursue an independent foreign policy.

Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation.

The NIPCC calls itself " an international coalition of scientists convened to provide an independent examination of the evidence available on the causes and consequences of climate change in the published, peer-reviewed literature – examined without bias and selectivity.

A suitable definition of the entropy of a small local region depends on the physically insightful and judicious selection of the independent local non-equilibrium macroscopic state variables, and different selections provide different generalized or extended thermodynamical accounts of one and the same given physical process.

Although the Taiwan Power Company ( Taipower ), state-owned enterprise, is in charge of providing electricity for the Taiwan area, a 1994 measure has allowed independent power producers ( IPPs ) to provide up to 20 % of the island's energy needs.

The National Academies do not perform original research ; rather they provide independent advice.

Many reports influence policy decisions ; some are instrumental in enabling new research programs ; others provide independent program reviews.

Alma and one of his converted followers, Amulek, provide important teachings about the atonement of Christ, overcoming pride and the natural man, retaining conversion, the resurrection of all men, and judgment day.

The Nigerian government did not, however, openly reject the judgment but instead called for an agreement that would provide " peace with honour, with the interest and welfare of our people.

Work on expert systems ( computer software designed to provide an answer to a problem, or clarify uncertainties where normally one or more human experts would need to be consulted ) typically is grounded on the premise that expertise is based on acquired repertoires of rules and frameworks for decision making which can be elicited as the basis for computer supported judgment and decision-making.

For this reason, the formalism of a public key infrastructure must provide for explicit statements of the policy followed when making this judgment.

In law a witness might be compelled to provide testimony in court, before a grand jury, before an administrative tribunal, before a deposition officer, or in a variety of other proceedings ( e. g., judgment debtor examination ).

While baseball rules provide a precise definition for the strike zone, in practice it is up to the judgment of the umpire to decide whether the pitch passed through the zone.

These rights prohibit the use of force in an arrest or detention context which would amount to punishment or summary judgment and provide that a person accused of a crime is not subject to punishment without legal process and a trial.

The rules and recommendations have one fundamental aim: to provide the maximum universality and continuity in the naming of all animals, except where taxonomic judgment dictates otherwise.

She subsequently sued the motel chain for failing to provide adequate security and reportedly won a $ 2. 5 million judgment, at the time one of the largest such judgments in history, leading to a reform in hotel security.

For example, the California exemption statute provides that IRAs and self-employed plans ’ assets “ are exempt only to the extent necessary to provide for the support of the judgment debtor when the judgment debtor retires and for the support of the spouse and dependents of the judgment debtor, taking into account all resources that are likely to be available for the support of the judgment debtor when the judgment debtor retires .” What is reasonably necessary is determined on a case by case basis, and the courts will take into account other funds and income streams available to the beneficiary of the plan.

The strength of the association between two events could provide the basis for the judgment of how frequently the two events co-occur.

When statutes prohibiting unfair and deceptive business practices provide for the award of punitive damages and attorneys fees to injured parties, they provide a powerful incentive for businesses to resolve the claim through the settlement process rather than risk a more costly judgment in court.

The students sued alleging violation of the Civil Rights Act, 42 U. S. C., asking the court to provide temporary and final injunctions compelling the university to reinstate them immediately without any penalties, a judgment declaring the university ’ s Policy on Demonstrations to be void, and damages.

Forum shopping is the informal name given to the practice adopted by some litigants to have their legal case heard in the court thought most likely to provide a favorable judgment.

The judgment embraced advances in psychiatry and emphatically rejected the M ' Naghten test by stating that, " the outrage of a frightened Queen has for far too long caused us to forego the expert guidance that modern psychiatry is able to provide.

Mayor Bloomberg condemned the low flyover and the failure to provide public notice, saying he himself had not been adequately notified, that he was " furious ", and that it showed " poor judgment ".

Though these tools can provide an auditor with a good overview of possible vulnerabilities present, they can not replace human judgment.

The judgment famously includes the line " Congress has now provided that tests or criteria for employment or promotion may not provide equality of opportunity merely in the sense of the fabled offer of milk to the stork and the fox.

If the plaintiff fails to respond to a bill of particulars, or the defendant fails to provide requested grounds of defense, the court may enter summary judgment against the non-responsive party.