These proposals would reduce the amount of tax that DuPont stockholders might have to pay -- from an estimated 1.1 billion dollars under present law to as little as 192 million dollars.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad announced yesterday it would reduce the total amount of its payroll by 10 per cent through salary cuts and lay-offs effective at 12:01 A.M. next Saturday.

Due to the fragility of the Antarctic environment, only a limited amount of transport movements can take place and sustainable transportation technologies have to be used to reduce the ecological footprint.

Earth sheltering and windbreaks can also reduce the absolute amount of heat needed by a building.

Wind breaks reduce the amount of heat carried away from a building.

A concerted effort was made to reduce the amount of gambling on games which was leaving the validity of results in doubt.

Typically, organic catalysts require a higher loading ( amount of catalyst per unit amount of reactant, expressed in mol % amount of substance ) than transition metal (- ion )- based catalysts, but these catalysts are usually commercially available in bulk, helping to reduce costs.

* Lossy codecs: Many of the more popular codecs in the software world are lossy, meaning that they reduce quality by some amount in order to achieve compression.

Dark chocolate has been promoted for unproven health benefits, as it seems to possess substantial amount of antioxidants that reduce the formation of free radicals.

To concentrate a solution, one must add more solute ( for example, alcohol ), or reduce the amount of solvent ( for example, water ).

By contrast, to dilute a solution, one must add more solvent, or reduce the amount of solute.

Folding saris four to eight times may create a simple filter to reduce the amount of active V. cholera in the filtered water.

** Many embedded applications have a limited amount of physical space for circuitry ; keeping peripherals on-chip will reduce the space required for the circuit board.

In both lossy and lossless compression, information redundancy is reduced, using methods such as coding, pattern recognition and linear prediction to reduce the amount of information used to represent the uncompressed data.

ETC technology is also compatible with existing projects to reduce the amount of recoil delivered to the vehicle while firing.

Many companies are working on techniques to reduce cost in a variety of ways including reducing the amount of platinum needed in each individual cell.

Cleveland and Treasury Secretary Daniel Manning stood firmly on the side of the gold standard, and tried to reduce the amount of silver that the government was required to coin under the Bland-Allison Act of 1878.

As with many other opioids, it is quite possible to reduce the amount of hydrocodone needed to stop a certain level of pain by having the patient take the hydrocodone along with one of the medications with analgesic-sparing properties, also known as potentiators.

In video compression, only changes that occur from one frame to the next are stored in the data stream, in order to greatly reduce the amount of information that must be stored.

Brown's conception of libertarian socialists is that all social bonds should be developed by individuals who have an equal amount of bargaining power, that an accumulation of economic power in the hands of a few and the centralization of political power both reduce the bargaining power — and thus the liberty of the other individuals in society.

Since the early 1980s, a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution.

This can be reduced somewhat by using a binary space partitioning tree to reduce the amount of time spent determining which patches are completely hidden from others in complex scenes ; but even so, the time spent to determine the form factor still typically scales as n log n. New methods include adaptive integration

) However, pipelining at that level was already used in some high performance CISC " supercomputers " in order to reduce the instruction cycle time ( despite the complications of implementing within the limited component count and wiring complexity feasible at the time ).

To reduce voltage distortion, this requires heavier mains wiring or generators more than twice as large as the UPS.

This may provide better energy efficiency, and may reduce the number of parts that can fail, though the reduced voltage greatly increases necessary current, and thus the size ( and cost ) of power delivery wiring.

* Sealing bypasses ( cracks, gaps, holes ), especially around doors, windows, pipes and wiring that penetrate the ceiling and floor, and other areas with high potential for heat loss, using caulk, foam sealant, weather-stripping, window film, door sweeps, electrical receptacle gaskets, and so on to reduce infiltration.

To reduce costs, including wiring and back-plane costs, these computers also pioneered flow control using XON and XOFF characters rather than hardware wires.

A concerted effort to reduce overhead wiring and roadside clutter has given the town some picturesque streetscenes.

Most keyboards use a keyboard matrix circuit to reduce the amount of wiring that is needed.

The basic idea is to reduce the amount of wiring needed on-chip ; instead of wiring every cell, the cells are placed closer together and read by current passing through the MEMS probes, acting like wires.

Their basic purpose is to reduce the amount of wiring and electronics needed to drive the solenoids.

Orion needed just one broadside to reduce the frigate to a wreck, and Martin's disabled ship drifted away over the shoal.

The proposed encoding does not use the lexical encoding model used in the existing ISO-IR / 169 registered character set, but instead applies the Unicode and ISO character-glyph model to the Bliss-character model already adopted by BCI, since this would significantly reduce the number of needed characters.

To be safe for crops, a curing stage is often needed to allow a second mesophilic phase to reduce potential phytotoxins.

Celery's surprisingly late arrival in the English kitchen is an end-product of the long tradition of seed selection needed to reduce the sap's bitterness and increase its sugars.

However, efforts at optimizing to reduce the number of calculations needed in portions of a work where detail is not high or does not depend on ray tracing features have led to a realistic possibility of wider use of ray tracing.

Until recently this prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session.

Given its roughly constant size, the encyclopaedia has needed to reduce or eliminate some topics to accommodate others, resulting in controversial decisions.

While he did reduce government expenditures, opponents in the parlements successfully thwarted his attempts at enacting much needed reforms.

The system, along with new sod, was installed to prevent the field from becoming too wet to play on during light to medium rains, and to reduce the time needed to dry the field adequately.

" This program helped reduce consumption of foodstuffs needed overseas and avoided rationing at home.

The preferred, but most labour-intensive, way is to have engineers bury the mines, since this will make the mines practically invisible and reduce the number of mines needed to deny the enemy an area.

MPLS recognizes that small ATM cells are not needed in the core of modern networks, since modern optical networks () are so fast ( at 40 Gbit / s and beyond ) that even full-length 1500 byte packets do not incur significant real-time queuing delays ( the need to reduce such delays — e. g., to support voice traffic — was the motivation for the cell nature of ATM ).

Similarly, some poorly designed earlier trials found that peppermint oil has the ability to reduce colicky abdominal pain due to IBS with an NNT ( number needed to treat ) around 3. 1, but the oil is an irritant to the stomach in the quantity required and therefore needs wrapping for delayed release in the intestine.

While Singer acknowledges that there are problems with ensuring that money goes where it is most needed and that it is used effectively, he does not think that these practical difficulties undermine his original conclusion ( that people should make a much greater effort to reduce poverty ).

Such carrier traps are sometimes purposely added to reduce the time needed to reach the steady state.

Furthermore Denby Transport asserted that two Eco-Links would replace three standard articulated lorries while if limited to the current UK weight limit of 44 tonnes, it was claimed the Eco-Link would reduce carbon emissions by 16 per cent, and could still halve the number of trips needed for the same amount of cargo carried in conventional lorries.

If Wake-on-LAN is not needed, disabling it may reduce power consumption slightly while the computer is switched off but still plugged in.

For the first time since 1989 Zambia's economic growth reached the 6 %- 7 % mark ( in 2007 ) needed to reduce poverty significantly.

This would drastically reduce the amount of velocity needed to be provided by rockets to reach orbit.

By contracting the 3 + 1 dimensional surface area of the " bubble " being transported by the drive, while at the same time expanding the 3-dimensional volume contained inside, Van Den Broeck was able to reduce the total energy needed to transport small atoms to less than three solar masses.

As a cost-effective solution toward optimizing traffic, ITS presents a number of technologies to reduce congestion by monitoring traffic flows through the use of sensors and live cameras or analysing cellular phone data travelling in cars ( floating car data ) and in turn rerouting traffic as needed through the use of variable message boards ( VMS ), highway advisory radio, on board or off board navigation devices and other systems through integration of traffic data with navigation systems.