Tolkien's original thoughts about the later ages of Middle-earth are outlined in his first sketches for the legend of Númenor made in mid-1930s, and already contain conceptions resembling that of Gondor.

The three of them appear roughly at their final places on the original Tolkien's working map of the southern lands, as well as all locations mentioned above, the approximate line of coast, including Tolfalas, and the forerunner of Dol Amroth, apparently brought about with the development of the legend of Nimrodel while writing the " Lothlórien " chapter.

In any case, the resemblance of the names fits in with Tolkien's legendarium as a history lost to myth and legend.

J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium features dragons closely based on those of European legend.

The nearby Moseley Bog ( now a nature reserve ) was probably the inspiration for the Old Forest-and the hill on which Spring Hill College stands, which even today, according to local legend, is criss-crossed with secret tunnels, could easily have become Tolkien's Bag End.

Williams ' idea of the Sithi was influenced by the Irish legend of the Sidhe, and by Tolkien's elves.

* In J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings it is said in the second verse of Bilbo's Song of Eärendil, regarding the appearance of Eärendil ; " Of adamant his helmet tall ".

Eärendil the Mariner ( pronounced ) is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium.

Eärendil means ' Lover of the Sea ' in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya.

which can be taken as the inspiration not only for the role of Eärendil in Tolkien's work, but also for the term Middle-earth ( translating Middangeard ) for the inhabitable lands ( c. f.

Humphrey Carpenter in his biography of Tolkien remarked that Eärendil " was in fact the beginning of Tolkien's own mythology ".

* Elfstone-in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy writings, the Elfstone is a famous green jewel that Galadriel gives as a gift to Aragorn ; it is also known as the " Elessar " or the " Stone of Eärendil ".

* In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth stories, Venus is the Star of Eärendil.

Enya has performed several songs relating to J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, including 1991's " Lothlórien " ( instrumental ), and 2001's " May It Be " ( sung in English and Quenya ), and " Aníron " ( in Sindarin )— the latter two, which she composed, appearing in Peter Jackson's movie The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and its soundtrack album.

Tolkien's writing has such popularity that in the 1960s and afterwards, elves speaking an elvish language similar to those in Tolkien's novels ( like Quenya, and Sindarin ) became staple non-human characters in high fantasy works and in fantasy role-playing games.

Robert Jordan has stated that he consciously intended the early chapters of The Eye of the World to evoke the Shire of Middle-earth in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.

Tolkien's glossopoeia has two temporal dimensions: the internal ( fictional ) timeline of events described in the Silmarillion and other writings, and the external timeline of Tolkien's own life during which he continually revised and refined his languages and their fictional history.

The Gimli-Legolas relationship has been seen as Tolkien's reply toward " Gentile anti-Semitism and Jewish exclusiveness ".

In real-world terms, Tolkien's inspiration for the word Arda may be certain cognates of the English word " Earth " in the other Germanic languages, specifically the Afrikaans " Aarde " which has equivalent pronunciation and meaning, and unsurprising in use given Tolkien's South African origins.

Like most of the legendarium's characters, Varda has a different name in each of Tolkien's invented languages.

The change of name is due to the fact that the name Gildor has the suffix ' dor ', which in Tolkien's Elven languages is a masculine suffix used only in the names of male Elves.

A species of Elachista moths, Elachista gildorella, has been named after Gildor Inglorion by Finnish entomologist Lauri Kaila along with a number of other species that were given names inspired by Tolkien's characters.

Tolkien's description of the physical layout of the city of Minas Tirith itself is followed relatively faithfully in Peter Jackson's film The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, ( the city also has a cameo in The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, when Gandalf goes there to discern the identity of Bilbo's ring, and it also can be seen in the distance for a few seconds when Faramir takes Frodo, Sam, and Gollum to Osgiliath in The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers ) Jackson's version interprets the top of the rock as flattened and paved, and also the location for the coronation of Aragorn.

The name " Uruk-hai " has the element Uruk, which is a Black Speech word related to Orc, related to the word " Urko " in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya.

The One Ring from J. R. R. Tolkien's novel, The Lord of the Rings has been labeled a plot device, since the quest to destroy it drives the entire plot of the novel.

Planning permission has been acquired for the erection on Moseley Green of a high statue of Treebeard, an Ent from The Lord of the Rings, made by Tolkien's great-nephew, Tim Tolkien.

The helmet has a similar effect on those who possess it to J. R. R. Tolkien's One Ring or Der Ring des Nibelungen, where the reason also lies in one's mind rather than any magical curse.

He has received international attention from playing Meriadoc Brandybuck in Peter Jackson's adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings and for his role as Charlie Pace on the television show Lost.

Väinämöinen has been identified as a source for Gandalf, the wizard in J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Lord of the Rings.

This mistaken reversal in size on Tolkien's part has generally been followed in other fictional hobgoblins.

Other features quickly followed and, in 1981, he co-wrote ( with Michael Bakewell ) BBC Radio 4's adaptation of Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, and has also adapted C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia and Mervyn Peake's Titus Groan and Gormenghast for Radio 4, for which he received a Sony Radio Award in 1985.

This book has been valued even by those uninterested in the music, since it helps Tolkien's readers to better understand the cultures of the various mythological beings presented in Middle-earth, and helps linguists analyse Tolkien's poetry.

Guy Gavriel Kay's fictional land Tigana has been seen as having many references to Tolkien's Middle-earth.

Just as with the rest of Tolkien's characters, the natures and names of these worldly Ainur are by no means incidental ; they are intimately connected with important elements of plot and action in the later tales.

Several elements in B5 are similar to elements in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel ( first published in three volumes ), The Lord of the Rings.

It is not clear if it was Tolkien's intent to keep these elements in The Silmarillion, had he lived long enough to publish it.

Though all fantasy works published after Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings are usually acknowledged as indebted to him to some extent, Feist has fairly directly borrowed elements amounting to entire cultures.

The elves are described using Tolkien's own words, including borrowings from his Elvish languages ( for example, moredhel, Feist's name for his " dark elves ", is found in Tolkien and comes from the Sindarin elements mor ' dark ' and edhel ' elf ').

Middle-earth Enterprises, formerly known as Tolkien Enterprises, is a trading name for a division of the Saul Zaentz Company ( SZC ) based in Berkeley, California which owns the worldwide exclusive rights to certain elements of J. R. R. Tolkien's two most famous literary works ; The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit.

Tolkien's Red Book, pastiche of scholarship though it is, functions as such a medieval ' spurious source ', but the ' authority ' it imparts is by an appeal not to the tried-and-true but to the modern mystique of ' scholarly research '.

Tom Shippey has identified the concept of Tolkien's " Light elves " and " Dark elves " as being inspired by the medieval Icelandic Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson which distinguishes between ljósálfar ( light-elves ) and dökkálfar ( dark-elves ).

This view has gained acceptance from a number of medieval historians and Anglo-Saxon scholars both since Tolkien's initial lectures and since the publication of this posthumous collection.

Unlike the medieval sea beast, or Tolkien's humanoid monster, his Orc is a positive figure, the embodiment of creative passion and energy, and stands opposed to Urizen, the embodiment of tradition.