Top-down effects occur when the population density of a consumer affects that of its resource ; for example, a predator affects the density of its prey.

Top-down teaching methods are employed, but students are expected to make their own decisions about how to use the knowledge they acquire.

* Top-down logical data models, on the other hand, are created in an abstract way by getting information from people who know the subject area.

Top-down analysis is the method of calculating the reactive moments and forces at each joint starting at the hand, all the way till the ankle and foot.

Top-down processes often include attention to emotion and emotion regulation.

Though it is important to note that in Kimball methodology, the bottom-up process is the result of an initial business-oriented Top-down analysis of the relevant business processes to be modelled.

Top-down design has also proven to be robust against business changes.

* ' Top-down ' communication and rule enforcement mechanisms.

Top-down approaches emphasize planning and a complete understanding of the system.

Top-down approaches are implemented by attaching the stubs in place of the module.

Top-down design was promoted in the 1970s by IBM researcher Harlan Mills and Niklaus Wirth.

Top-down methods were favored in software engineering until the late 1980s, and object-oriented programming assisted in demonstrating the idea that both aspects of top-down and bottom-up programming could be utilized.

Top-down is a programming style, the mainstay of traditional procedural languages, in which design begins by specifying complex pieces and then dividing them into successively smaller pieces.

Top-down parsers, on the other hand, hypothesize general parse tree structures and then consider whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis.

See Top-down parsing and Bottom-up parsing.

Top-down and bottom-up are two approaches for the manufacture of products.

" Top-down " ( or " big chunk ") is stereotypically the visionary, or the person who sees the larger picture and overview.

* Integrated Parallel Bottom-up and Top-down Approach.

* Top-down approach: This is the direct fall-out of the recursive formulation of any problem.

Top-down approach: This is also known as downward communication.

* Top-down parsing-Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find left-most derivations of an input-stream by searching for parse trees using a top-down expansion of the given formal grammar rules.

Top-down view of a DTP dam.

Top-down parsing is a strategy of analyzing unknown data relationships by hypothesizing general parse tree structures and then considering whether the known fundamental structures are compatible with the hypothesis.

Top-down parsing can be viewed as an attempt to find left-most derivations of an input-stream by searching for parse-trees using a top-down expansion of the given formal grammar rules.

Top-down lithography is the manner in which most integrated circuits are now made.

Top-down activity refers to cognitive processes that originate from the frontal lobe and require conscious thought whereas bottom-up activity begins from sensation of stimuli in the environment.

General Power would participate in the decision making.

Next to the old problem of the slowness of decision making, network structure seems to be paramount, and without monitoring no network has value.

Not discussed here are some military problems of modern times such as undersea warfare, where the surveillance, sending, transmitting, and receiving are all so inadequate that networks and decision making are not the bottlenecks.

The portrait that had developed, fragmentarily but consistently, was the portrait of a man to whom serious thinking is alien enough that the making of a decision inhibits, when it does not forestall, any ability to review the decision in the light of new evidence.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

They serve not only as spokesmen for their areas, but they also contribute to top-level decision making.

I was saved from making the decision as the phone rang, and the girls were upon me instantly.

The Supreme Court decision in mid-1960 was in the case of a company making sewer pipe from clay which it mined.

Those who have served as faculty advisers are too familiar with the useful but artificial mechanisms of student government to be taken in by `` busy-work '' and ersatz decision making.

" Caplan comments on the impact of the Supreme Court's decision making it necessary for there to be evidence of guilt in such a plea, " By requiring that there be some evidence of guilt in such a situation, the decision attempts to protect the ' really ' innocent from the temptations to which plea-bargaining and defense attorneys may subject them.

Business statistics is the science of good decision making in the face of uncertainty and is used in many disciplines such as financial analysis, econometrics, auditing, production and operations including services improvement, and marketing research.

" While the document itself is not in any way actual law, it is used by the town council, board of adjustment, and other committees to guide decision making as to what types of development are appropriate.

However, this decision was based firmly in the older notions ( see above ) that prevailed at the time as to the mode of corporate decision making, and effective control residing in the shareholders ; if they elected and put up with an incompetent decision maker, they should not have recourse to complain.

" Baratieri delayed making a decision for a few more hours, claiming that he needed to wait for some last-minute intelligence, but in the end announced that the attack would start the next morning at 9: 00.

Eye movements reflect online decision making during a task, and they provide us with some insight into the ways in which those decisions may be processed.

Recently, especially in the context of cognitive decision making, symbolic cognitive modeling is extended to socio-cognitive approach including social and organization cognition interrelated with a sub-symbolic not conscious layer.

# Community organizations: range from informal family or kinship networks, to more formal incorporated associations, political decision making structures, economic enterprises, or professional associations at a small, national or international scale.

* Judgment and decision making

" Consequently, this structure for information gathering and decision making at both the national and Secretariat level is inherently biased in favor of trade over protection.

" The half-hearted invasion left Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev and his advisers with the impression that Kennedy was indecisive and, as one Soviet adviser wrote, " too young, intellectual, not prepared well for decision making in crisis situations ... too intelligent and too weak.

In making her decision to devote herself to art, she also thought it was best not to marry, and in choosing male company she selected men who would not threaten to sidetrack her career.