Trade dress is a legal term of art that generally refers to characteristics of the visual appearance of a product or its packaging ( or even the design of a building ) that signify the source of the product to consumers.

Trade dress is a form of intellectual property.

Trade dress protection is intended to protect consumers from packaging or appearance of products that are designed to imitate other products ; to prevent a consumer from buying one product under the belief that it is another.

Unlike the United States Lanham Act, 1946 the English Trade Marks Act, 1994 and the Indian Act, 1999 do not have provisions like section 43 ( a ) ( of Lanham Act ) to protect un-registered trade dress or allow registration of trade dress which qualifies the tests of distinctiveness and source identifier.

Trade dress can be protected as getup under the law of passing off in the UK.

* Trade dress

* Trade dress

In January 1987 Taco Cabana International filed suit against Two Pesos for allegedly duplicating Taco Cabana ’ s “ Trade dress ” and for theft of trade secrets ( see Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc., 505 U. S. 763 ( 1992 )' section below ).

* Trade dress

Trade deficits generated in tradeable goods such as manufactured goods or software may impact domestic employment to different degrees than trade deficits in raw materials.

A nation may have a visibles balance surplus but this can be offset by a larger deficit in the invisibles balance ( creating a Balance of Trade deficit overall ) – if, for example, there are large payments made to foreign businesses for invisibles such as shipping or tourism.

This may be attributed to intense competition, absence of North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ) parity, drug contamination delaying deliveries, and the high cost of operation, including security costs.

Within other international contexts, there are intergovernmental organizations such as the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) that have socially and economically significant dispute resolution functions but, again, even though their jurisdiction may be invoked to hear the cases, the power to enforce their decisions is at the will of the states affected, save that the WTO is permitted to allow retaliatory action by successful states against those states found to be in breach of international trade law.

Trade union organisations may be composed of individual workers, professionals, past workers, students, apprentices and / or the unemployed.

* Industrial action: Trade unions may enforce strikes or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of particular goals.

* Political activity: Trade unions may promote legislation favourable to the interests of their members or workers as a whole.

Although these may also be legitimately referred to as " pearls " by gemological labs and also under U. S. Federal Trade Commission rules, and are formed in the same way, most of them have no value, except as curiosities.

The GIA and CIBJO now simply use the term ' pearl ' ( or, where appropriate, the more descriptive term ' non-nacreous pearl ') when referring to such items and, under Federal Trade Commission rules, various mollusc pearls may be referred to as ' pearls ', without qualification.

In the end, the French had documents to support their claim, and the British did not, and so the Council of Trade admitted that " upon the whole we must submit ... whether it may be proper to advise His Majesty to insist any longer upon a title so weakly supported.

Trade show models may be highly skilled at screening the mass of show attendees for target consumers or at obtaining attendee information so that they may be solicited after the show.

— see, for instance, Step-Saver Data Systems, Inc. v. Wyse Technology, Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd .. Other courts have determined that the shrinkwrap license agreement is valid and enforceable: see ProCD, Inc. v. Zeidenberg, Microsoft v. Harmony Computers, Novell v. Network Trade Center, and Ariz. Cartridge Remanufacturers Ass ' n v. Lexmark Int ' l, Inc. may have some bearing as well.

Trade costs, particularly transportation, reduce and may eliminate the benefits from trade, including comparative advantage.

Criminal prosecutions may only be handled by the U. S. Department of Justice, but the Federal Trade Commission also has jurisdiction for civil antitrust violations.

Trade continued to the wharf at Oxborough Hithe and to another at Stoke Ferry until at least 1858, and may have continued for years afterwards, as the railway from Denver did not arrive until 1882.

The Colbert-LeGendre anecdote was relayed in George Whatley's 1774 Principles of Trade ( co-authored with Benjamin Franklin )-which may be the first appearance of the phrase in an English language publication.

This may contain biometric information or other data that would be standardized across an entire trade bloc, e. g., the European Union or the North American Free Trade Agreement ( NAFTA ).

Trade with one country, which causes economic decline in another, may create incentive to migrate to a country with a more vibrant economy.

The TTB ( Tax and Trade Bureau ) regulations state that " Wine made from grapes frozen after harvest may not be labeled with the term " ice wine " or any variation thereof, and if the wine is labeled to suggest it was made from frozen grapes, the label must be qualified to show that the grapes were frozen postharvest.

This gave stringent powers of inspection to the Board of Trade, and the mark that indicates the safe limit to which a ship may be loaded became generally known as Plimsoll's mark or line.

It is all very well for the Midland Railway Company now to plead that they are busily employed in fitting up their passenger trains with continuous breaks, but the necessity for providing the passenger trains with a larger proportion of break power was pointed out by the Board of Trade to all Railway Companies more than 20 years since ; and with the exception of a very few railway companies that recognised that necessity and acted upon it, it may be truly stated that the principal Railway Companies throughout the Kingdom have resisted the efforts of the Board of Trade to cause them to do what was right, which the latter had no legal power to enforce, and even now it will be seen by the latest returns laid before Parliament that some of those Companies are still doing nothing to supply this now generally acknowledged necessity

A particular exporting industry may also lose market status if the DG Trade concludes that this industry receives government assistance.

Now Britain has decided to seek admission to the European Economic Community and it seems certain that she will be joined by some of her partners in the loose Free Trade Area of the `` Outer Seven ''.

The rupee equivalent of $63.8 million, but not more than 5 percent of the currencies received under the Agreement will be used for loans to be made by the Export-Import Bank of Washington under Section 104 ( E ) of the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act, as amended ( hereinafter referred to as the Act ), and for administrative expenses of the Export-Import Bank of Washington in India incident thereto.

For the purpose of section 243 of the Trade Union and Labour Relations ( Consolidation ) Act 1992, a crime means an offence punishable on indictment, or an offence punishable on summary conviction, and for the commission of which the offender is liable under the statute making the offence punishable to be imprisoned either absolutely or at the discretion of the court as an alternative for some other punishment.

Trade with non-Party states is allowed, although permits and certificates are recommended to be issued by exporters and sought by importers.

The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.

The U. S. Federal Trade Commission ( FTC ) has very strict regulations as to what can and what cannot be called " synthetic " stone.

When El Niño conditions last for many months, extensive ocean warming and the reduction in Easterly Trade winds limits upwelling of cold nutrient-rich deep water and its economic impact to local fishing for an international market can be serious.

The ( FTC ) Federal Trade Commission requires that the franchisee be furnished with a Franchise Disclosure Document ( FDD ) by the franchisor at least fourteen days before money changes hands or a franchise agreement is signed.

Little happened until the beginning of 1886, but with the re-election of Jules Grévy as President and his appointment of Edouard Lockroy as Minister for Trade decisions began to be made.

Therefore, Hong Kong continues to play an active role in the international arena and maintains close contact with its international partners. Furthermore, Hong Kong continues to be an active, independent member of the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ( APEC ) forum in the name of Hong Kong, China.

A Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and Iraq is in the process of being negotiated and will probably be concluded during 2008.

Trade in the ivory from the tusks of dead mammoths has occurred for 300 years and continues to be legal.

The simultaneous decline in currency inflows ( due to decreased exports ) and the rise in outflows ( due to increased imports ) sends the Balance of Trade into deficit which then needs to be paid for by a transfer of funds in some form – either invisible transfers ( aid, etc.

In March 1937, Ribbentrop attracted much adverse comment in the British press when he gave a speech at the Leipzig Trade Fair in Leipzig, where he declared that German economic prosperity would be satisfied either " through the restoration of the former German colonial possessions, or by means of the German people's own strength ".

As Farquhar in a letter made note, only with the intervention of Said would the European Trade in slaves in the Western Indian Ocean be abolished.

Kyrgyzstan was the first Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) country to be accepted into the World Trade Organization.

In Full Employment and Free Trade ( 1948 ) Polanyi analyses the way in which money circulates around an economy, and in a monetarist analysis that according to Paul Craig Roberts was thirty years ahead of its time, he argues that a free market economy should not be left to be wholly self-adjusting, a central bank should attempt to moderate economic booms / busts via a strict / loose monetary policy.

On June 4, 1976, the Sex Pistols played Manchester's Lesser Free Trade Hall in what came to be regarded as one of the most influential rock shows ever.