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Traven's last novel, published in 1960, was Aslan Norval ( so far not translated into English ), the story of an American millionairess, married to an aging businessman and at the same time in love with a young man, who is going to build a canal running across the United States as an alternative for the nuclear arms race and space exploration programs.
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Traven's and novel
The original version of the line appeared in B. Traven's 1927 novel The Treasure of the Sierra Madre:
Vorwärts daily, in which B. Traven's first short story and his first novel were published ( front page of the first issue of the newspaper from 1876 )
Soon, it also published Traven's first novel: Die Baumwollpflücker ( The Cotton Pickers ), which appeared in installments in June and July of the same year.
In the same year ( 1926 ), the book club Büchergilde Gutenberg, which was Traven's publishing house until 1939, published his second novel Das Totenschiff ( The Death Ship ).
In the light of findings of Traven's biographers, The Death Ship may be regarded as a novel with autobiographical elements.
Traven's best known novel, apart from The Death Ship, was The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, published first in German in 1927 as Der Schatz der Sierra Madre.
The subject and the language of the novel, which were completely different from the writer's other works, resulted in its rejection for a long time by publishers, who doubted Traven's authorship ; the novel was also accused of being " trivial " and " pornographic ".
In October 1959, Hal Croves and Rosa Elena Luján visited Germany to take part in the premiere of the film The Death Ship based on Traven's novel.
There is a long section of B. Traven's novel " The Treasure of the Sierra Madre " devoted to the history of what Traven refers to as " the Christian Bandits ".
Traven's and published
B. Traven's best known works include the novels The Death Ship from 1926 and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre from 1927, in 1948 filmed by John Huston, and the so-called Jungle Novels, also known as the Caoba cyclus ( from the Spanish word caoba, meaning mahogany ), a group of six novels ( including The Carreta and Government ), published in the years 1930 – 1939, set among Mexican Indians just before and during the Mexican Revolution in the early 20th century.
Most of B. Traven's books were published in German first and their English editions appeared later ; nevertheless the author always claimed that the English versions were the original ones and that the German versions were only their translations.
The figure of Gerald Gales returned in Traven's next book – The Bridge in the Jungle ( Die Brücke im Dschungel ), which was serialized in Vorwärts in 1927 and published in an extended book form in 1929.
In 1929 B. Traven's most extensive book The White Rose ( Die Weiße Rose ) was published ; this was an epic story ( supposedly based on fact ) of land stolen from its Indian owners for the benefit of an American oil company.
The first collection of Traven's short stories entitled Der Busch appeared in 1928 ( its second, enlarged edition was published in 1930 ), from the 1940s onwards many of his short stories also appeared in magazines and anthologies in different languages.
The problem is made even more complex by the fact that Traven's books published in English are full of Germanisms whereas those published in German full of Anglicisms.
In June 1952, BT-Mitteilungen published Traven's " genuine " biography, in which it claimed that the writer had been born in the Midwestern United States to an immigrant family from Scandinavia, that he had never gone to school, had had to make his living from the age of seven and had come to Mexico as a ship boy on board a Dutch steamer when he was ten.
Originally published in German in 1926, and in English in 1934, it was Traven's first major success and is still the author's second-best-known work after The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.
Traven's and 1960
In January 1951, Josef Wieder and Esperanza López Mateos, and after her death, Rosa Elena Luján, started publishing hectographically the periodical BT-Mitteilungen ( meaning in free translation Announcements about B. Traven's Life, or shorter BT-Bulletins ), which promoted Traven's books and appeared till Wieder's death in 1960.
Following Josef Wieder's death in 1960, Rosa was the only copyright holder for Traven's books.
Traven's and was
There are also reasons to believe that Marut / Traven's real name was Otto Feige and that he was born in Schwiebus in Brandenburg, modern day Świebodzin in Poland.
Neither the European nor the American publishers of the writer ever met him personally, or at least the people with whom they negotiated the publication and later also the filming of his books always maintained they were only Traven's literary agents, the identity of the writer himself was to be kept secret.
The author of the first hypothesis concerning B. Traven's identity was the German journalist, writer and anarchist Erich Mühsam, who conjectured that the person who hides behind the pseudonym was the former actor and journalist Ret Marut.
Anyway, B. Traven's ( Ret Marut's ) life in Mexico was as mysterious as his fate in Europe.
In that year, the Berlin-based book club Büchergilde Gutenberg, which had been publishing Traven's books so far, was closed by the Nazis after Adolf Hitler took power.
Asked by journalists if he was Traven, Croves always denied or answered evasively, repeating Traven's sentence from the 1920s that the work and not the man should count.
The source of this rumour was probably the fact that Esperanza López Mateos, Adolfo's sister, was Traven's representative in his contacts with publishers and a translator of his books into Spanish.
Traven's and translated
B. Traven's novels and short stories became very popular as early as the interwar period and retained this popularity after the war ; they were also translated into many languages.
The editors also repeated the thesis that B. Traven's books were originally written in English and only later translated into German by a Swiss translator.
Traven's and ),
In the book, Traven introduced for the first time the figure of Gerald Gales ( in Traven's other works his name is also Gale, or Gerard Gales ), an American sailor, who looks for a job in different occupations in Mexico, often consorting with suspicious characters and witnessing capitalistic exploitation, nevertheless not losing his will to fight and striving to draw joy from life.
Traven's and same
Later, when B. Traven's first novels appeared, Mühsam compared their style and content with Marut's Ziegelbrenner articles and came to the conclusion that they must have been written by one and the same person.
Traven's and with
However, as, Tapio Helen points out, there is an enormous contrast between the experiences and life of Marut, an actor and bohemian in Munich and Traven's novels and short stories, characterized by their solid knowledge of Mexican and Indian cultures, seafaring themes, the problems of itinerant workers, political agitators and social activists of all descriptions, pervaded with Americanisms.
Traven's and is
A separate position in Traven's oeuvre is The Land of Springtime ( Land des Frühlings ) from 1928, a travel book about the Mexican state of Chiapas, and in reality the presentation of the leftist and anarchist views of the writer on the contemporary world.
Apart from that, there are virtually no political programmes in Traven's books ; the clearest manifesto which ever appeared in his books is maybe the general anarchist demand " Tierra y Libertad " in the Jungle Novels.
Traven's criticism of capitalism is, however, free of blatant moralizing.
Traven's and .
Virtually every detail of Traven's life has been disputed and hotly debated.
B. Traven's works can be best described as " proletarian adventure novels ".
Traven's characters usually come from the lower classes of society, from the proletariat or lumpenproletariat circles, they are more antiheroes than heroes, and despite that they have this primal vital force which compels them to fight.
Despite this, Traven's books are par excellence political works.
last and novel
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