Mr. Truman has only to recall the `` hopeless '' campaign of 1948 to remember what a loyal partisan he was and the first experience of Mr. Kennedy with Congress would have been sadder than it was had not Mr. Sam been there.

Failing to heed the lesson so clearly contained in the satellite treaties, President Truman re-declared the Cold War on March 12, 1947, in the Truman Doctrine, exactly one week after the Herald Tribune editorial was written, and a year after the Cold War had been announced by Churchill at Fulton, Missouri, in Truman's presence.

Their position was that Clinton should have integrated the military by executive order, noting that President Harry Truman used executive order to racially desegregate the armed forces.

Notified that British aid to Greece and Turkey would end in less than six weeks, and already hostile towards and suspicious of Soviet intentions, because of their reluctance to withdraw from Iran, the Truman administration decided that additional action was necessary.

However, in formulating policies regarding the atomic bomb and relations with the Soviets Truman was guided by the U. S. State Department and ignored Eisenhower and the Pentagon.

At home, Eisenhower was more effective in making the case for NATO in Congress than the Truman administration ; by the middle of 1951, American and European support for NATO was substantial enough to give it a genuine military force.

The campaign strategy, dubbed " K < sub > 1 </ sub > C < sub > 2 </ sub >", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption.

Eisenhower was also the first outgoing President to come under the protection of the Former Presidents Act ; two living former Presidents, Herbert Hoover and Harry S. Truman, left office before the Act was passed.

Truman Capote, who helped spread salacious rumors about Hoover, once remarked that he was more interested in making Hoover angry than determining whether the rumors were true.

In the morning the grinning President-Elect, Harry S. Truman, was photographed holding a newspaper bearing this headline.

A full china service had not been purchased since the Truman administration in the 1940s, as only a partial service was ordered in the Johnson administration.

The creation of NSA was authorized in a letter written by President Harry S. Truman in June 1952.

Truman was against the OSS staying active after the war was over, as was Congress.

One month after the war was won in the Pacific Theater of Operations, on September 20, 1945, President Truman signed Executive Order 9621, which came into effect as of October 1, 1945.

In January 1946, President Truman created the Central Intelligence Group ( CIG ) which was the direct precursor to the CIA.

It was established in 1963 and replaced the earlier Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945.

The Presidential Medal of Freedom is similar in name to the Medal of Freedom established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II, but much closer in meaning and precedence to the Medal for Merit: the Presidential Medal of Freedom is currently the supreme civilian decoration in precedence, whereas the Medal of Freedom was inferior in precedence to the Medal for Merit ; the Medal of Freedom was awarded by any of three Cabinet secretaries, whereas the Medal for Merit was ( and the PMOF is ) awarded by the president.

The Truman Show was both a box office and a critical success, receiving positive reviews and numerous awards, including three Academy Award nominations: Andrew Niccol for Best Original Screenplay, Ed Harris for Best Supporting Actor, and Weir himself for Best Director.

He was critical of the Truman administration and the military for their postwar policies in Germany, accusing Truman and General Dwight D. Eisenhower of a conspiracy to starve the remains of the German nation.

Carrey received critical acclaim for his chameleonic performance and won a Golden Globe — his second win in a row after receiving an award for The Truman Show previously.

Truman considered the “ successes ” of the conference to be “ unreal ” and was highly critical of Byrnes ’ s failure to protect Iran, which was not mentioned in the final communiqué.

In that position, he cooperated with the Truman administration in forging bipartisan support for the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO, including presenting the critical Vandenberg resolution.

Gaddis is best known for his critical analysis of the strategies of containment employed by United States presidents from Harry S. Truman to Ronald Reagan, and for arguing that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's personality and role in history was one of the most important causes of the Cold War.

The critical difference between the Truman and Eisenhower approaches to containment had to do with Eisenhower's concerns that the U. S. could not indefinitely afford high military spending.

Historian Wilson D. Miscamble argues that Kennan played a critical role in shaping the foreign policies of the Truman administration.

He was particularly critical of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, both of which he believed brought the United States closer to war with the Soviet Union.

President Truman issued a statement of praise: " You have served in a most critical position with continued and loyal attention to your duties as director, and by reason of your standing among scientists and the supervision you have given to the bureau's activities, you have made of it a more important agency than it has ever been before.

Hume was best known for his critical review in December 1950 of a concert by Margaret Truman and the scathing letter he later received from her father, President Harry S. Truman.

In January 1947, Truman appointed General George Marshall as Secretary of State, and enacted JCS 1779, which decreed that an orderly and prosperous Europe requires the economic contributions of a stable and productive Germany.

After protests by heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis ( then stationed at Fort Riley ) and the help of Truman Gibson ( then an assistant civilian aide to the Secretary of War ), Robinson also openly criticized segregated hotels and restaurants that served the Dodger organization ; a number of these establishments integrated as a result, including the five-star Chase Park Hotel in St. Louis.

In January 1947, Truman appointed retired General George Marshall as Secretary of State.

From left to right, first row: Premier of the Soviet Union | Premier Joseph Stalin ; President Harry S. Truman, Soviet Ambassador to the United States Andrei Gromyko, Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, and List of Russian foreign ministers | Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov.

The three powers were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, and, later, Clement Attlee and President Harry S. Truman.

Truman had previously been encouraged by the Secretary of War, Henry Stimson, to inform the Soviets of this new development, in order to avoid sowing distrust over keeping the USSR out of the Manhattan Project.

The signatories were General Secretary Joseph Stalin, President Harry S. Truman, and Prime Minister Clement Attlee, who, as a result of the British general election of 1945, had replaced Winston Churchill as the UK ’ s Conference representative.

After Marshall's return to the U. S. in early 1947, Truman appointed Marshall Secretary of State.

When the early months of the Korean War showed how poorly prepared the Defense Department was, Truman fired Secretary Louis A. Johnson and named Marshall as Secretary of Defense in September 1950.

Initially, Truman named the Secretary of State as the ranking member of the Council in his absence and expected the Department of State to play the major role in formulating policy recommendations.

Truman directed the Secretary of the Treasury, John W. Snyder to attend all meetings and Congress amended the National Security Act of 1947 to eliminate the three service secretaries from Council membership and add the Vice President ( who assumed second rank from the Secretary of State ) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff who became permanent advisers to the Council.

Truman limited attendance to statutory members plus the Secretary of the Treasury, the Chairman of the JCS, the Director of Central Intelligence, two special advisers ( Averell Harriman and Sidney Souers ), and the NSC Executive Secretary.

Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system, but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan, Paul Nitze, and Robert Lovett.

As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War.

" Acheson often found himself acting Secretary during the Secretary's frequent overseas trips, and during this period he cemented a close relationship with President Truman.

As Secretary of State, Dulles still carried out the “ containment ” policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War, which had been established by President Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951.

Clark McAdams Clifford ( December 25, 1906 – October 10, 1998 ) was an American lawyer who served United States Presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter, serving as United States Secretary of Defense for Johnson.

* John W. Snyder-former U. S. Secretary of the Treasury under President Harry S. Truman

* James Francis Byrnes ( 1882 – 1972 ), lawyer, congressman, senator, Supreme Court Justice ( only person to step down off the bench for another federal post — head the wartime Office of Economic Stabilization ), advisor to FDR, Secretary of State to Truman, Governor of South Carolina

After his initial 1948 plan to expand the Army and modernize its equipment was rejected by the Truman Administration, Bradley reacted to the increasingly severe postwar defense department budget cutbacks imposed by Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson by publicly supporting Johnson's decisions, going so far as to tell Congress that he would be doing a " disservice to the nation " if he asked for a larger military force.

The museum was originally called the National Air Museum when formed on August 12, 1946 by an act of Congress and signed into law by President Harry S. Truman, some pieces in the National Air and Space Museum collection date back to the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia after which the Chinese Imperial Commission donated a group of kites to the Smithsonian after Smithsonian Secretary Spencer Fullerton Baird convinced exhibiters that shipping them home would be too costly.