The movement was particularly dominated by François Quesnay ( 1694 – 1774 ) and Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot ( 1727 – 1781 ).

In May 1776, finance minister Turgot was dismissed, after he failed to enact reforms.

Jacques Turgot was Condorcet's mentor and longtime friend

In 1774, Condorcet was appointed Inspector General of the Monnaie de Paris by Turgot.

In 1776, Turgot was dismissed as Controller General.

The movement was particularly dominated by François Quesnay ( 1694 – 1774 ) and Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot ( 1727 – 1781 ).

Also, de Gournay ( 1712 – 1759 ) ( who was the Intendant du commerce ) brought together a group of young researchers including François Véron Duverger de Forbonnais ( 1722 – 1800 ) and one of the two most famous physicrats, Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot ( 1727 – 81 ).

The Physiocrats, especially Turgot, believed that self-interest was the motivating reason for each segment of the economy to play its role.

Turgot was one of the first to recognize that “ successive applications of the variable input will cause the product to grow, first at an increasing rate, later at a diminishing rate until it reaches a maximum .” This was a recognition that the productivity gains required to increase national wealth had an ultimate limit, and, therefore, wealth was not infinite.

Both Quesnay and Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune recognized that capital was needed by farmers to start the production process, and both were proponents of using some of each year ’ s profits to increase productivity.

So, in 1776, Turgot was dismissed and Malesherbes resigned, to be replaced by Jacques Necker.

In 1872, when he was twelve, he entered the Collège Turgot where he started drawing and sketching.

However, Fordun's chronicle was not written until the later 14th century, and the near-contemporary account of the life of St Margaret, by Bishop Turgot, makes no mention of a castle.

Thorgaut or Turgot ( sometimes, Thurgot ) was Archdeacon and Prior of Durham, and the first English or Anglo-Norman Bishop of Saint Andrews ( then called Cell Ríghmonaidh or Kilrymont ).

Turgot may have been the author of the Vita Sancte Margarete, the hagiographical life of the queen, which was written for Matilda of Scotland.

When this was discovered, Mademoiselle de Lespinasse was dismissed ( 1764 ), and the salon broke up, for she took with her D ' Alembert, Turgot and the literary clique.

The future French statesman Turgot was at that time the intendant of the province, and knew the elder Vergniaud well.

On one occasion, young Pierre recited some of his own poetry in the presence of Turgot, who was greatly impressed by his talent.

He was the intimate friend of Franklin ; he corresponded with Turgot ; and in the winter of 1778 he was invited by Congress to go to America and assist in the financial administration of the states.

His many famous friends included A. R. J. Turgot, André Morellet and Voltaire, and in 1770 he was elected to the Académie française.

Fleeing the Normans, Turgot became the teacher of Olaf Kyrre in Norway for a time before returning to be made prior of the Benedictine convent of Durham Cathedral, and he may have been the confessor of Margaret of Wessex, the second wife of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, king of the Scots, and hence probably known to King Alexander I and Earl David ( later David I ) since childhood.

Maupeou and Terray were replaced, 24 August 1774, by Miromesnil and then by Malesherbes, recalled from his exile in 1775 to be Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi, and by the economist Turgot.

The concept of diminishing returns can be traced back to the concerns of early economists such as Johann Heinrich von Thünen, Turgot, James Steuart, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo.

Foucault then notices that this formation of a liberal type of governmentality had general shifts within this circle which can be traced back to the 18th century old or classical liberalism programmed by the Physiocrats, Turgot, and the other economists of the 18th century, for whom the problem was the exact opposite.

Nevertheless, he was contemptuous and afraid of the Enlightenment, led by intellectuals such as Rousseau, Voltaire, and Turgot, who disbelieved in divine moral order and original sin, saying that society should be handled like a living organism, that people and society are limitlessly complicated, thus, leading him to conflict with Thomas Hobbes's assertion that politics might be reducible to a deductive system akin to mathematics.

Radical financial reforms by Turgot and Malesherbes angered the nobles and were blocked by the parlements who insisted that the King did not have the legal right to levy new taxes.

In 1773, Necker won the prize of the Académie Française for a defense of state corporatism framed as a eulogy of Louis XIV's minister, Colbert ; in 1775, he published his Essai sur la législation et le commerce des grains, in which he attacked the free-trade policy of Turgot.

Under the new king, Louis XV's grandson, Louis XVI, radical financial reforms by his ministers, Turgot and Malesherbes, angered the nobles and were blocked by the parlements who insisted that the king did not have the legal right to levy new taxes.

During the reigns of Louis XV ( 1715 – 1774 ) and Louis XVI ( 1774 – 1792 ), several ministers, most notably Turgot and Necker, proposed revisions to the French tax system so as to include the nobles as taxpayers, but these proposals were not adopted because of resistance from the parlements ( provincial courts of appeal ).

His epithalamium on Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette won him the favour of Turgot, and a salt-tax collectorship.

They were often young: Charles Alexandre de Calonne became an intendant at the age of 32, Turgot and Louis Bénigne François Berthier de Sauvigny at the age of 34, and Louis-Urbain-Aubert de Tourny at the age of 40.

When Turgot, the minister of Louis XVI, failed in his schemes for fundamental reforms in 1776, he retired to the Château briefly, as the guest of Louise Elisabeth Nicole de La Rochefoucauld, Duchesse d ' Enville.

With the country deeply in debt, Louis XVI permitted the radical reforms of Turgot and Malesherbes, but noble disaffection led to Turgot's dismissal and Malesherbes ' resignation in 1776.

Jealous of his personal ascendancy over Louis XVI, he intrigued against Turgot, whose disgrace in 1776 was followed after six months of disorder by the appointment of Jacques Necker.

With the government deeply in debt, Louis XVI was forced to permit the radical reforms of Turgot and Malesherbes.

Saint-Germain was presented at court by the reformers Turgot and Malesherbes, and was appointed minister of war by Louis XVI on 25 October 1775.

He is a protégé of Turgot, future Controller of Finance ( 24 August 1774-12 May 1776 ) to Louis XVI.

With the country deeply in debt, Louis XVI permitted the radical reforms of Turgot and Malesherbes, but noble disaffection led to Turgot's dismissal and Malesherbes ' resignation in 1776.

Soon after, he met Jacques Turgot, a French economist, and the two became friends.

While there, he became influenced by the teachings of John Locke, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, the Encyclopédistes, Quesnay, Mirabeau, Turgot, and other Enlightenment political thinkers, all in preference to theology.

* Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot in Limoges, future Controller-General of Finances